Environmental filtration
For the phylogenetic tree, the consensus of 10,000 bird phylogenies
published by Jetz et al. (2012) was used. The consensus tree was
generated using the Mesquite 3.7 program (Maddison & Maddison, 2021),
and maintained the length of the branches. Only the species present in
the occurrence database were maintained. Phylogenetic diversity analysis
was performed to assess whether WSE communities are composed of a
phylogenetic subset of riparian ecosystem communities. The phylogenetic
diversity was calculated as the mean phylogenetic diversity of the
community (MPD) . The observed MPD was compared to a null model, through
a random selection of species from riparian communities, and the
observed value for WSE diversity was maintained. The simulation of the
null communities was repeated 1,000 times. For each repetition of the
data simulation, the average MPD for the community was calculated. The
significance of the phylogenetic analysis was assessed by the
standardized effect size of the MPD (ses.MPD), with a significance level
of 95 %. Positive and significant values of ses.MPD indicate more
phylogenetically dispersed communities than what would occur by chance.
Negative and significant values indicate phylogenetically grouped
communities. The phylogenetic grouping analyses were performed in thepicante package of the R software .