Results
The search rendered 4590 studies, 742 duplicates were removed, and 3442
were deemed ineligible after screening titles and abstracts. The
reference review resulted in the addition of one article. The resulting
35 full texts were screened, of which twenty-three studies were selected
for data extraction and analysis (Gandara et al., 1995, Somlo et al.,
1995, Kemp et al., 1996, Madasu et al., 1997, Planting et al., 1999,
Ekborn et al., 2004, Zuur et al., 2007, Yıldırım et al., 2010, Riga et
al., 2013, Yoo et al., 2014, Marshak et al., 2014, Ishikawa et al.,
2015, Crabb et al., 2017, Nasr et al., 2018, Delarestaghi et al., 2018,
Rolland et al., 2019, Duinkerken et al., 2021, Fernandez et al., 2021,
Moreno et al., 2022, Weijl et al., 2004, Villani et al., 2016, Scasso et
al., 2017, Campbell et al., 2022). Figure 1 depicts the PRISMA complete
screening process. Publication dates were 1995–2022, with studies
conducted in 14 different countries, with 5 studies from the United
States, 4 from the Netherlands, 2 from Canada and Italy, and one study
from Sweden, Turkey, Greece, Spain, Israel, Japan, United Kingdom,
Egypt, Iran, and India. Studies consisted of 18 controlled trials
(Gandara et al., 1995, Somlo et al., 1995, Kemp et al., 1996, Planting
et al. 1999, Zuur et al. 2007, Yıldırım et al. 2010, Riga et al. 2013,
Yoo et al. 2014, Marshak et al. 2014, Crabb et al. 2017, Nasr et al.
2018, Delarestaghi et al. 2018, Rolland et al. 2019, Duinkerken et al.
2021, Moreno et al. 2022, Weijl et al. 2004, Villani et al. 2016,
Campbell et al. 2022) and 5 quasi-experimental studies (Madasu et al.
1997, Ekborn et al. 2004, Ishikawa et al. 2015, Fernandez et al. 2021,
Scasso et al. 2017). The median number of patients per study was 73 and
ranged from 11 to 277. Of note, only four RCT had a low risk of bias,
seven had some concern of bias, and seven had a high risk of bias.
Across the 18 RCT, the most common sources of bias were related to the
outcome measurement and the selection of results. In the
quasi-experimental studies quality assessment, two studies were of high
quality and three were rated as having poor methodological quality. The
source of bias came from the comparability and outcome evaluations.
Table 1 and Table 2 presents the quality assessment for all of the
studies. In total 11 interventions were used for cisplatin-ototoxicity,
9 pharmacological interventions were assessed in 19 studies(Gandara et
al., 1995, Somlo et al., 1995, Kemp et al., 1996, Madasu et al. 1997,
Planting et al. 1999, Ekborn et al. 2004, Zuur et al. 2007, Yıldırım et
al. 2010, Riga et al. 2013, Yoo et al. 2014, Marshak et al. 2014,
Ishikawa et al. 2015, Crabb et al. 2017, Nasr et al. 2018, Delarestaghi
et al. 2018, Rolland et al. 2019, Duinkerken et al. 2021, Fernandez et
al. 2021, Moreno et al. 2022) and 2 non-pharmacological interventions
assessed in 4 studies( Weijl et al. 2004, Villani et al. 2016, Scasso et
al. 2017, Campbell et al. 2022). All of the studies assessed
platinum-ototoxicity prevention, except for one that evaluated
ototoxicity treatment (Nasr et al. 2018). Although we searched for
platinum-induced ototoxicity, all studies assessed cisplatin and none of
the studies included other platinum agents or other types of
chemotherapy agents. All of the studies interpreted cisplatin-induced
ototoxicity (CiO) outcome as hearing loss, five studies also considered
tinnitus (Planting et al., 1999, Madasu et al., 1997, Ishikawa et al.,
2015, Yoo et al., 2014, Scasso et al., 2017), and only two included
vestibular disturbances(Madasu et al., 1997, Ishikawa et al., 2015). All
of the studies used an audiometry test to examine ototoxicity. The
study’s characteristics for the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic
interventions appear in Table 3 and Table 4, respectively.
Table 1. Assessment of the risk of bias in clinical trials.