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\begin{document}

\title{VIABILITY OF A WILDLIFE CORRIDOR: CASE OF MAKUYUNI WILDLIFE CORRIDOR IN
TANZANIA}



\author[1]{Emmanuel Lyimo}%
\author[1]{Gabriel Mayengo}%
\author[2]{Damian Nguma}%
\author[3]{David Castico}%
\author[1]{Emanuel Martin}%
\author[1]{Kwaslema Hariohay }%
\author[1]{Alex Kisingo}%
\affil[1]{College of African Wildlife Management Mweka}%
\affil[2]{Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute}%
\affil[3]{Tanzania People \& Wildlife}%


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  \date{May 22, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Wildlife corridors play a vital role in maintaining genetic connectivity
between distant populations and provide a mix of habitats for various
wildlife. Makuyuni wildlife corridor in Arusha, Tanzania, is a critical
connection between Tarangire National Park, Lolkisale, Simanjiro Game
Controlled Areas, Manyara Ranch, and Essmingor Forest Nature Reserve.
The corridor is the main route of the northern sub-population of
elephants in Tarangire National Park. Currently, the corridor faces
activities such as settlements, livestock keeping, and farmlands. Ground
distance sampling and GPS location were used to assess the number of
individuals counted, frequency of occurrence (e), and abundance
(estimate \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard error) of large mammal species. Further,
classification of satellite images was used to determine land use and
land cover change between 2015 and 2021in the Makuyuni study site. Eight
herbivores and two carnivore species were observed during our study,
with different encounter rates and estimates. The most abundant wildlife
species were Thomson gazelles (e=88, 1511±256), elephant (e=12, 783
±198), zebra (e=14, 694±239), Giraffe (e=10, 185 ±74). We also
encountered two livestock species in the study area; shoats (sheep and
goat) (e=27, 15854 ±2020) and cattle (e=26, 7479 ±2126). In 2015, the
261 km2 Makuyuni study area was covered by 36.8\% farmland, 24.11\%
woodland, 6.2\% shrubland, 15.6\% grassland, 17.2\% bare land, and 0.1\%
water. In 2021 farmland increased to 41\%, woodland, to 11.28\%,
shrubland to 9.1\%, and 24.2\% grassland. However, bare land was reduced
to 14.4\% and water to 0.03\%. Despite the loss of habitat and increased
human activities, the corridor remains viable for wildlife movements due
to the wildlife distribution pattern connecting Lolkisale-Simanjiro GCAs
and Tarangire National Park to Essmingor Forest Nature Reserve. The
revealed distribution and connectivity may also pose a plan and piloting
the implementation of the corridor regulation of 2018 by setting beacons
while controlling human activities%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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\verb`MWC_publish_2023_FINAL.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/589174/articles/626131-viability-of-a-wildlife-corridor-case-of-makuyuni-wildlife-corridor-in-tanzania}

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