Conclusion
Using niche models, five raptor species in Kenya were analyzed for their
distribution in suitable habitat. Our results indicate that a) of the
five species of raptors, the Martial Eagle and Bateleur had the most
suitable habitat (or, in our case, a realized niche). In contrast, the
southern ground hornbill had a small area of suitable habitat. This
indicates the two species’ excellent climate adaptation to a wide range
of environments in Kenya. Even though there was a predictor for
anthropogenic influence, it is obvious that this predictor had no
appreciable impact on the five species’ suitable habitat. b) The
majority of raptors are found outside of protected areas, with a high
concentration in Kenya’s southwestern and central regions. c)
Temperature and precipitation-related variables influenced the habitat
suitability of the five species the most. Our results have significant
ramifications for Kenya’s management and conservation of raptors. To
begin with, raptor management, whether using a single species,
multispecies, or ecosystem-based approach, can be aided by identifying
raptors’ spatial ranges and overlap with protected areas. Further, as
temperature and precipitation in Kenya are altered with climate change,
continued work to update spatial ranges will be necessary. Our research
on the niche distribution of various species outside of protected areas
shows that Kenya is a crucial habitat for raptor species, emphasizing
the need for ecosystem-based management both inside and outside of
protected areas. Second, understanding the key environmental factors
that link raptor distribution may aid in estimating how future climate
change will affect the occurrence of species. According to the A1 Global
IBA Criterion for globally threatened species, the five priority areas
for raptor conservation identified here could be the basis for several
additional IBAs.