Figure 6. (A, B) Raman spectra of carbonate electrolytes with
different concentration of LiPF6 and diluent and Li 1s
spectra of surface of current collectors with E1 and E2 electrolytes.
Reproduced with permission.[108] Copyright 2019,
American Chemical Society (C,D,E) Annular bright filed scanning electron
microscopy image of NCM811 cathodes before and after cycling with HCEs
and LHCEs, SEM images of deposited Li metal with conventional carbonate
electrolytes (1 M LiPF6 in EC-EMC (3:7 by wt.), HCE
(LiFSI-1.2DME), and LHCE (LiFSI-1.2DME-3TTE) and cycling performance of
Cu||NCM811 anode-free full cells with lean electrolyte
and high loading cathode, 4.2 mA h cm-2 .
Reproduced
with permission.[42] Copyright 2019, Elsevier.
Figure 7. (A,B,C) Cu||NMC532 full-cell cycle
performance of various electrolytes with modified solvents by
fluorination and chain length, Rate performance of 1 M LiFSI/6FDMH-DME
electrolytes and high cycle stability of anode-free
Cu||NMC532 pouch cells achieving 75 % of initial
capacity retention at 120 cycles. Reproduced with
permission.[113] Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. (D)
Change of C 1s spectra of SEI composition by using VC. Reproduced with
permission.[128] Copyright 2017, The
Electrochemical Society. (E) NO3- derived SEI layer in
N 1s spectra. Reproduced with permission.[102]Copyright 2019, The Electrochemical Society. (F) Dual functional effects
of KNO3 additive in stabilization of Li metal.
Reproduced with permission.[132] Copyright 2019,
Elsevier.