ABSTRACT
Hyponatremia, a common electrolyte imbalance, can arise from various
underlying etiologies such as diuretics, diarrhea, vomiting, congestive
heart failure, liver and renal disease. We present a case report of a
74-year-old man highlighting the association between pulmonary
tuberculosis (TB) and the development of hyponatremia. GeneXpert assay
of patients sputum sample led to the identification of underlying active
pulmonary TB as the cause of hyponatremia. The patient was started on
anti-TB therapy, and concurrent fluid restriction and sodium
supplementation were initiated to correct the electrolyte imbalance.
Over the next 3 days, patient demonstrated clinical improvement with the
resolution of hyponatremia. This case also highlights the importance of
considering tuberculosis as a potential etiology in patients presenting
with hyponatremia, especially in endemic areas. Further research is
warranted to explore the mechanistic pathways linking pulmonary TB and
hyponatremia, aiding in the development of targeted therapeutic
interventions.