Genetic summary statistics
Genetic summary statistics were calculated for each of the twelve local populations. Variant sites, polymorphic sites, private alleles, and nucleotide diversity (πT) were calculated using thepopulation program (Catchen et al., 2013). Overall summary statistics per loci and gene diversity (h ) by population were calculated using the function basic.stats, as well as allelic richness estimates (Ar) by rarefying allelic counts per population with the allelic.richness with the hierfst version 0.5-11 R package (Goudet & Jombart, 2022). Genotype diversity (MLG) and the richness indexes: Shannon-Weiner Diversity index (H), Stoddard and Taylor’s Index (G), and Simpson’s index (lambda) were calculated using the function poppr with the poppr 2.9.3 R package (Kamvar et al., 2014, 2015). Linear regressions were fitted with the functionlm in the stats package (R Core Team, 2022) to explore differences between the genetic diversity metrics calculated above and with forest fragment sizes (1-, 10-, 100-ha and continuous forests) and size class (small and large patches).