DNA sampling
Between April and May 2017, a total of 142 colonies of R. flaccida and 135 of C. surinamensis were sampled in twelve local populations inside the permanent study plots (Table S1), in six small patches: 1-ha (n = 3) and 10-ha (n = 3); and six large patches: 100-ha (n = 1) and continuous forests (n = 5). Each study plot is mapped into twenty-five subplots of 20 × 20 m (400 m2). Within each 400 m2 subplot, host leaves occupied by at least one colony were collected at regularly spaced intervals of 10 m minimum distance. Single-species colonies growing on the leaf were prioritized. In the laboratory using a dissecting scope, 0.5 – 1 g of the bryophyte gametophyte was carefully separated from the leaf surface avoiding contamination from host plant leaf tissue or other epiphyllous organisms. Plant tissue was dried using silica gel after collection. Colonies sampled varied from eight to fifteen in each reserve. Specimens detailed information are presented in Table S2.