Search strategy and selection criteria
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge
Infrastructure, WanFang Database, and SinoMed database were searched
from the inception dates to June 2022, without language restrictions,
using the term “ibuprofen” and keywords shown in the Supplementary
Table 2. We also searched clinicaltrials.gov and the World Health
Organization clinical trials portal for ongoing or recently completed
trials. We only identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in
postoperative pain or fever adults comparing IVIB with placebo, or other
analgesic and antipyretic agents. An additional search of the reference
lists of relevant studies was performed to identify the eligible RCTs.
Four reviewers (Z.P.X., C.L., H.L.Z., T.S.X.) independently screened the
reports against pre-designed eligibility criteria, and any disagreements
were resolved through discussion, consulting another reviewer (Z.S.D.).
For pain relief, the primary outcomes included the visual analogue scale
(VAS) score within postoperative 24h and the difference in cumulative
opioid medication consumption at postoperative 24h and 48h. Secondary
outcomes included the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and the usage
rate of rescue analgesic medication. For fever relief, we identified the
change of temperature as the main outcome and the incidence of adverse
events (AEs) as the secondary outcome.