Risk of bias and quality of evidence assessment
Pairs of reviewers (Z.P.X., C.L.) independently appraised the risk of bias (ROB) for RCTs using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (17). Six domains, regarding selection, performance, attrition, detection, reporting, and other sources of bias were assessed. The quality of evidence for outcomes using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework (18). The GRADE approach results in an assessment of the quality of a body of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low, according to five categories, including risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, and publication bias (19). Any discrepancies were resolved through discussion, or by a third reviewer (Z.S.D.).