Search results
The search strategy identified 1,969 trials, of which 32 studies met the
inclusion criteria, with a total of 3,716 participants. The study
selection process is illustrated in Figure 1. Overall, 3,090
participants were assigned to 18 types of surgery, mainly including
laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery, orthopedic surgery, abdominal
surgery, orthognathic surgery, third molar surgery, septorhinoplasty,
percutaneous nephrolithotomy, bunionectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy,
etc. The baseline characteristics of each study were summarized in Table
1.