HIV‑1 drug resistance and subtype analysis
Antiretroviral resistance mutations and subtype analysis were identified using the HIVdb program of the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database (http://hivdb.stanford.edu; version 9.1, Algorithm Date: 2 June 2022) 18. The sum of the average resistance mutation scores in each patient’s HIV-1 polymerase (pol ) gene sequences, comprising protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase, was obtained from the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIVdb). The drug resistance intensity was classified as S (susceptible, potential low-level resistance), I (low or intermediate level resistance), or R (high-level resistance), based on the Stanford HIVdb algorithm results.