Study design and patient population
Genotypic antiretroviral resistance test (GART) data for 2,107 patients infected with HIV-1 between August 2017 and August 2022 at Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea, were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data included the patients’ medical records. Treatment information, including antiviral agents used, was only collected from the patients’ medical records at Severance Hospital. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Severance Hospital in Seoul, Korea (IRB No. 4-2019-1076). The requirement for written informed consent was waived due to the study’s nature (review of medical records)—the study involved no more than minimal risk to the patients, and their privacy was thoroughly protected.