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\begin{document}

\title{Inferring drivers of nitrate and sediment event dynamics from hysteresis
metrics for two large agricultural watersheds}



\author[1]{Oladipo Bolade}%
\author[1]{Amy Hansen}%
\affil[1]{The University of Kansas}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Excess nitrate and sediment, mobilized by precipitation events and
transported into surface waters, is a global water quality challenge.
Recent advances in high frequency, in-situ water quality monitoring
sensors have created opportunities to investigate constituent
concentration dynamics during short-term hydrological changes. In this
study, we characterized the event-scale variability of nitrate ( NO 3 -
~ ) and turbidity (a surrogate for sediment transport) in two large
agricultural watersheds of the Upper Mississippi River Basin using
hysteresis loop characteristics to determine sources and dominant
transport mechanisms. We then applied factor analysis to detect variable
groupings and thus determine controls on nitrate and sediment dynamics.
We found that NO 3 - ~ hysteresis behavior was consistent between the
two watersheds and demonstrated distal contributions and/or late-event
mobilization and flushing that was controlled by the characteristics of
the event hydrology (such as, event duration and magnitude of event
discharge). In contrast, turbidity hysteresis loops indicated sediment
delivery differed between the two watersheds; the smaller watershed with
more diverse land use demonstrated consistent early-event flushing or
rapidly responding pathways whereas the larger, more agricultural
watershed showed variability between dilution vs. flushing as well as
delivery pathways between events. This dynamic behavior as well as the
magnitude of the hysteretic response was principally related to the time
lag between turbidity and discharge peaks for the smaller site, and to
the event peak discharge and subsequent stream erosive power at the
larger site that switched behavior. This result is critical for
watershed water quality management especially in the context of a
changing climate and further underscores the utility of high-frequency
sensors monitoring data to offer deep insights into hydrological
processes controls on contaminant transport and delivery.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

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\textbf{Hosted file}

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