Current and potential distribution of the invasive apple snail,Pomacea canaliculata in Eastern Africa: Evidence from delimiting
surveys and modelling studies .
Fernadis Makale1*, Alexander M.
Muvea2, Idah Mugambi1, Duncan
Chacha1, Elizabeth A. Finch3, Ivan
Rwomushana1.
*Corresponding author:
F.makale@cabi.org
1 CABI, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, P.O
Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
2 Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service, P.O. Box
49592-00100, Nairobi
3CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY
Abstract .
Pomacea canaliculata,commonly known as Golden Apple Snail (GAS), an invasive snail, has
successfully invaded ecosystems outside its native ranges with negative
impacts being reported. GAS was reported in Kenya in 2020 invading one
of the largest rice-producing schemes, the Mwea irrigation scheme.
Delimiting surveys were conducted in five major rice production schemes
in Kenya to establish the boundary of spread since its first report and
to help in the management and development of quarantine strategies to
limit the spread of this pest within the scheme and other risk areas. In
addition, an Ensemble model approach was used to model the potential
distribution of GAS in Eastern Africa. Over 80% of the Mwea scheme’s
sections were infested with GAS along the river and irrigation channel
gradient from the initial infestation point (Ndekia). The mean
adult/m2 and egg clutches count was 8.4 and 7.7,
respectively. Significant difference was observed in number of
adults/m2 and egg masses among the sections;
X2(7) = 138.69, p< 0.001and X2(7) = 114.17, p < 0.001, respectively. The
survey did not find any adults or eggs of GAS in the Ahero, Bura, Hola
and West Kano rice schemes. Most of the areas in Kenya were suitable for
GAS invasion, though with significant variations across the country. At
a regional level, the countries with the highest suitability for GAS
were Malawi, Madagascar and Uganda. Mozambique, Tanzania and Ethiopia
also had areas of high suitability, but these were more concentrated in
specific areas in each of the countries. In comparison, suitability
across Sudan and Somalia was very low. Strict quarantine measures should
be instituted and implemented to curb not just the spread of GAS in
Kenya but entry into uninvaded regions.
Keywords : Pomacea
canaliculata, delimiting survey, invasion boundary, Ensemble modelling,
invasive, golden apple snail.