Autoreactive IgE target Prevalence [%] Detection Method Association with clinical markers Measurement of IgG antibodies against target Reference
Double stranded DNA (dsDNA)
n.a.
Indirect ELISA
No significant difference in anti-dsNDA IgE levels between ASST+ and ASST- patients No correlation with total IgE and disease duration
Yes, no difference between CSU and HC
67
Eosinophil cationic protein 5.4 Direct ELISA after IgG depletion n.a. n.a. 59
Eosinophil Peroxidase 10.9 Direct ELISA after IgG depletion n.a. n.a. 59
FcεRI 30 Sandwich ELISA n.a. Yes, significantly higher in CSU than HC 68
Interleukin 24 (IL-24)
80
Microarray and Sandwich ELISA
Positive correlation with disease activity (UAS7) Negative correlation with blood basophil counts
None of the patients assessed via microarray had detectable IgG-anti-IL-24
69
31
Site direct ELISA
Patients with IgE autoantibodies (anti-TPO and anti-IL-24) had higher anti-TPO IgG and lower IgE and leukocyte counts compared to CSU patients without autoantibodies
n.a.
53
Thyroglobulin (TG) 5 Modified commercial ELISA n.a. yes 60
7
ELISA kit
No difference in disease duration, UASday and total IgE between patients with and without Anti-TG-IgE
Yes, correlation of IgE autoantibodies and IgG autoantibodies
61
35 Sandwich ELISA n.a. Yes, no differences between CSU and HC 68
87
Sandwich ELISA
Anti-TG IgE levels dropped 1 week after omalizumab administration This drop was correlated with drop in UAS 7 at 1 week and 2 months
Yes, most patients negative
70
Thyroidperoxidase (TPO)
54
Site-directed human IgE capture ELISA
No differences in disease duration, UAS, DLQI and total IgE between CSU patients with and without anti-TPO IgE CSU patients with anti-TPO IgE had higher anti-TPO IgG levels, lymphocyte numbers and complement C4
Yes, CSU patients with anti-TPO IgE had significantly higher anti-TPO IgG
57
7,5* Direct ELISA n.a. yes 72
27,2 Direct ELISA after IgG depletion n.a. n.a. 59
34
Direct ELISA after IgG depletion
No differences in UAS, DLQI, anti-TPO IgG and total IgE between CSU with IgE-anti-TPO and patients without
yes
58
5 Modified commercial ELISA n.a. yes 60
18
ELISA kit
No difference in disease duration, UASday between CSU with anti-TPO IgE and patients without Lower total IgE levels and antihistamine-refractory cases in patients with anti-TPO IgE
Yes, Significant correlation of IgE autoantibodies and IgG autoantibodies
61
43
Direct ELISA after IgG depletion
More patients with anti-TPO IgE had asthma, atopy (to mites and/or pets) and NSAID reaction than patients without anti-TPO IgE Patients with anti-TPO IgE had lower total IgE levels than patients without anti-TPO IgE No difference between age of onset, DLQI score, UAS score
n.a.
62
100 Side direct ELISA n.a. Yes 63
0 Modified commercial radioimmunoassay n.a. Yes 64
41
Side direct ELISA
Patients with IgE autoantibodies (anti TPO and IL-24) had higher anti-TPO IgG and lower IgE and leukocyte counts compared to patients without
Yes
53
Tissue Factor (TF)
50
Sandwich ELISA
Omalizumab late responders had significantly higher anti-TF IgE levels than early responders
Yes, higher in CSU than HC and higher in omalizumab late responders than early responders
68
60
Sandwich ELISA
Levels dropped 1 week after omalizumab administration This drop was correlated with drop in UAS 7 at 2 months
n.a.
70
Tissue Transglutaminase 2 (TG2)
20.6
Capture ELISA
Not linked to any demographic, clinical and laboratory features of CSU including the presence of previously described anti-TPO and anti-IL-24 IgE
n.a.
71