Statistical analysis
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number of patients (percentages) as appropriate. Normality of all continuous data was confirmed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Group comparisons for baseline characteristics, 2D and 3D echocardiographic parameters used analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify MV 3D geometric variables associated with 3D VCA. Degenerative variables of mitral valve morphology previously shown to be associated with MR in MVP were tested. Variables with P values ≤ 0.07 on univariate analysis were tested in the multivariate linear regression with stepwise method. The association between the TVi and other morphological variables was investigated with Pearson correlation analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to identify the cutoff value of 3D VCA for MVPt+.