Fig. 1 Location and the admixture analysis of the 223 ponderosa
pine genotypes. Left: Original geographic distribution of the 223
ponderosa pine genotypes. Right: Proportion of each individual’s genome
allocated to “population 1” (green) and “population 2” (orange) by
admixture analysis when K=2, illustrating lack of geographical
isolation. Trees were subsequently treated as part of a single
population.
Fig. 2 Venn diagram comparing overlap in environmentally
associated SNPs. The number of overlapping SNPs that are associated
with four climatic variables between April 1stsnowpack (PCK4), monthly winter precipitation (PPTW), climatic water
deficit (CWD), and minimum winter temperature (TMIN).
Fig. 3 Venn diagram comparing overlap in phenotypically
associated SNPs. Left: Overlap in SNPs significantly associated with
control root length (RL), root-shoot ratio (R2S), and abaxial stomatal
rows (NR_AB). SNPs associated with control height growth (15), adaxial
stomatal density (12), and shoot weight (9) did not overlap with other
categories. Right: Overlap in SNPs significantly associated with drought
responsiveness of shoot weight (\(\Delta\)SW); root length
(\(\Delta\)RL); and the number of stomatal rows on abaxial
side\(\ (\Delta NR\_AB)\). SNPs associated with drought responsiveness
of height growth (150), adaxial stomatal density (57), and R2S (6) did
not overlap with any other categories.
Fig. 4 Five types of annotated SNP functions associated with
different climatic variables. The number of non-synonymous variants and
other variants that are associated with the five climatic variables:
Climatic water deficit (CWD); Minimum winter temperature (TMIN); Maximum
summer temperature (TMAX); April 1st snowpack (PCK4),
and Monthly winter precipitation (PPTW). Missense (non-synonymous) SNPs
are shown in grey, and other types of SNP are in orange.
Fig. 5 Five types of annotated SNP functions associated with
different traits in control conditions . The number of non-synonymous
variants and other variants that are associated with four traits in
control conditions: root length (RL), number of stomatal rows on abaxial
surface (NR_AB), stomatal density on adaxial surface (SD_AD), and
root-to-shoot ratio (R2S). No SNPs in these categories were associated
with height growth or shoot weight. Missense (non-synonymous) SNPs are
shown in grey, and other types of SNP are in orange.
Fig. 6 Five types of annotated SNP functions associated with
drought responsiveness of different traits. The number of
non-synonymous variants and other variants that are associated with
drought responsiveness of five traits: changes in height growth (GR),
root length (RL), shoot weight (SW), number of stomatal rows on abaxial
surface (NR_AB), and stomatal density on adaxial surface (SD_AD). No
SNPs in these categories were associated with root-to-shoot ratio (R2S).
Missense (non-synonymous) SNPs are shown in grey, and other types of SNP
are in orange.