The average AUC value for the Bsal distribution model was 0.917 (SD ± 0.047), signifying strong model performance. The top three variables for model predictions included mean diurnal range, maximum temperature of the warmest month, and precipitation during the coldest quarter (Fig. 1A).

The modeling predictions estimated that only a small fraction of suitable habitats for Bsal occurrences exists under current climate conditions, with patchy distribution in the subtropical evergreen forests of the Guangxi region. (Fig. 1A). The anticipated habitats for Bsal occurrence were situated in southwestern areas near the coastlines. Among the 27 wild sampling sites, 14 were deemed suitable for Bsal , with suitability levels ranging from low to high.