Figure 1. A) Figure 1. Sampling locations of populations (coloured circles) ofMyodes glareolus in Europe with annual mean temperature (data: www.worldclim.org (Fick & Hijmans, 2017) and current distribution (Shenbrot & Krasnov, 2005). B) Admixture proportions using NgsAdmix based on 2,476 SNPs, with various numbers of ancestral populations (K= 2-12). Each individual is represented by a column with colours corresponding to the proportions of their ancestry components. Vertical black bars separate putative populations based on sampling location  C) Ordination plots from Multivariate Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the first two constrained axes summarizing with 21,892 SNPs (in grey), including five climate variables (Annual mean temperature AnMTemp, mean diurnal temperature range MDR, Temperature seasonality TempSeas, Annual precipitation AnPrec, precipitation seasonality PrecSeas) and four axes of population structure. Abbreviations - C: Central, E: Eastern, N: North, S: South, W: Western , .fi: Finland, .se: Sweden, .pl: Poland, .cz: Czechia, .de: Germany, it: Italy, .fr: France, .ro: Romania
The aim of this study is to investigate how population history and adaptation to local climate affect the spatial distribution of genomic variation in bank vole populations across Europe. We identified candidate genes and climate variables responsible for adaptive variation by testing for associations between allele frequencies and environmental variables, using multiple univariate and multivariate GEA methods. We estimated the relative role of population structure versus environmental selection in explaining observed genetic variance by accounting for the neutral genetic structure.