Data accessibility statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in
dryad at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpqv
References
Aebischer, A., Perrin, N., Krieg, M., Studer, J., & Meyer, D. R.
(1996). The role of territory choice, mate choice and arrival date on
breeding success in the Savi’s Warbler Locustella luscinioides .
Journal of Avian Biology 27: 143-152.
Alerstam, T., & Lindström, Å. (1990). Optimal Bird Migration: The
Relative Importance of Time, Energy, and Safety. In E. Gwinner
(Ed.), Bird Migration (pp. 331–351). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
Berlin Heidelberg.
Arriero, E., Müller, I., Juvaste, R., Martínez, F. J., & Bertolero, A.
(2015). Variation in immune parameters and disease prevalence among
Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus sp .) with different
migratory strategies. PLoS ONE 10(2).https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118279
Bairlein, F. (1994) Manual of field methods. European-African songbird
migration network.Institut für Vogelforschung, Wilhelmshaven.
Buehler, D.M., Tieleman, B.I. & Piersma, T. (2010). Indices of immune
function are lower in red knots Calidris canutus recovering
protein than in those storing fat during stopover in Delaware Bay. Auk
127:394–401
Dierschke, J., Dierschke, V., Hüppop, K., Hüppop, O. & Jachmann, K.F.
(2011). Die Vogelwelt dernsel Helgoland. Helgoland: OAG Helgoland.
Eikenaar, C., & Hegemann, A. (2016). Migratory common blackbirds have
lower innate immune function during autumn migration than resident
conspecifics. Biology Letters 12: 78–81.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0078
Eikenaar, C., Hegemann, A., Packmor, F., Kleudgen, I., & Isaksson, C.
(2020b). Not just fuel: energy stores are correlated with immune
function and oxidative damage in a long-distance migrant. Current
Zoology 66:
21–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoz009
Eikenaar, C., Hessler, S., & Hegemann, A. (2020a). Migrating birds
rapidly increase constitutive immune function during stopover. Royal
Society Open
Science, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192031
Eikenaar, C., Ostolani, A., Brust, V., Karwinkel, T., Schmaljohann, H.,
& Isaksson, C. (2023). The Oxidative Balance and Stopover Departure
Decisions in a Medium ‑ and a Long ‑ Distance Migrant. Movement Ecology
11:7. doi: 10.1186/s40462-023-00372-7.
French, S.S. & Neuman-Lee, L.A. (2012). Improved ex vivo method for
microbiocidal activity across vertebrate species. Biology Open 1:
482–487. https://doi.org/10.1242/ bio.2012919.
Hegemann, A., Fudickar, A. M., & Nilsson, J. Å. (2019). A physiological
perspective on the ecology and evolution of partial migration. Journal
of Ornithology 160:
893–905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01648-9
Hegemann, A., Birberg, C., Hasselquist, D., and Nilsson, J.-Å. 2022.
Early and Late Migrating Avian Individuals Differ in Constitutive Immune
Function and Blood Parasite Infections – But Patterns Depend on the
Migratory Strategy. Front Ecol Evol 10: 10:880426. doi:
10.3389/fevo.2022.880426.
Horrocks, N. P., Hegemann, A., Ostrowski, S., Ndithia, H., Shobrak, M.,
Williams, J. B., … & Tieleman, B. I. (2015). Environmental proxies of
antigen exposure explain variation in immune investment better than
indices of pace of life. Oecologia 177: 281-290.
Horrocks, N. P., Matson, K. D., & Tieleman, B. I. (2011). Pathogen
pressure puts immune defense into perspective. Integrative and
Comparative Biology 51: 563–576.
Janeway, C., Travers, P., Walport, M., & Shlomchik, M. J. (2005).
Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease Garland Science.
New York, USA.
Jenni, L., & Jenni-Eiermann, S. (1998). Fuel Supply and Metabolic
Constraints in Migrating Birds. Journal of Avian Biology 29: 521-528.
doi:10.2307/3677171
Kaiser, A. (1993). A new multi-category classification of subcutaneous
fat deposits of songbirds. Journal Field Ornithology 64: 246-255.
Klaassen, R. H., Hake, M., Strandberg, R., Koks, B. J., Trierweiler, C.,
Exo, K. M., … & Alerstam, T. (2014). When and where does mortality
occur in migratory birds? Direct evidence from long‐term satellite
tracking of raptors. Journal of Animal Ecology 83: 176-184.
Kokko, H. (1999). Competition for early arrival in migratory birds.
Journal of Animal Ecology 68:940–950
Latorre-Margalef, N., Tolf, C., Grosbois, V., Avril, A., Bengtsson, D.,
Wille, M., … & Waldenström, J. (2014). Long-term variation in
influenza A virus prevalence and subtype diversity in migratory mallards
in northern Europe. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences, 281(1781), 20140098.
Leyrer, J., Lok, T., Brugge, M., Spaans, B., Sandercock, B. K., &
Piersma, T. (2013). Mortality within the annual cycle: seasonal survival
patterns in Afro-Siberian Red Knots Calidris canutus canutus .
Journal of Ornithology 154: 933-943.
Lickfett, T.M., Clark, E., Gehring, T.M. & Alm,E.W. (2018). Detection
of Influenza A viruses at migratory bird stopover sites in Michigan,
USA, Infection Ecology & Epidemiology 8:
1474709, DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1474709
Maggini, I., Cardinale, M., Favaretto, A., Voříšek, P., Spina, F.,
Maoret, F., Ferri, A., Riello, S., & Fusani, L. (2021). Comparing
Population Trend Estimates of Migratory Birds from Breeding Censuses and
Capture Data at a Spring Migration Bottleneck. Ecology and Evolution
11:967–977. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7110.
Nebel, S., Bauchinger, U., Buehler, D.M., Langlois, L.A., Boyles, M. et
al. (2012). Constitutive immune function in European starlings Sturnus
vulgaris is decreased immediately after an endurance flight in a wind
tunnel. Journal of Experimental Biology 215:272–278.
Nilsson, C., Klaassen, R. H. G., & Alerstam, T. (2013). Differences in
speed and duration of bird migration between spring and autumn. American
Naturalist 181:
837–845. https://doi.org/10.1086/670335
Owen, J. C., & Moore, F. R. (2008). Relationship between energetic
condition and indicators of immune function in thrushes during spring
migration. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86:
638–647. https://doi.org/10.1139/Z08-038
Schmaljohann, H., Eikenaar, C. & Sapir, N.. (2022). Understanding the
Ecological and Evolutionary Function of Stopover in Migrating Birds.
Biological Reviews 97:1231–52. doi: 10.1111/brv.12839.
Sillett, T. S., & Holmes, R. T. (2002). Variation in survivorship of a
migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle. Journal of Animal
Ecology 71: 296-308.
Sköld-Chiriac S., Nord A., Nilsson J. & Hasselquist D. (2014).
Physiological and behavioral responses to an acute-phase response in
zebra finches: immediate and short-term effects. Physiological and
Biochemical Zoology 87:288–298.
Tieleman, B.I, Williams, J. B., Ricklefs, R. E., & Klasing, K. C.
(2005). Constitutive innate immunity is a component of the pace-of-life
syndrome in tropical birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences 272: 1715-1720.
Van Dijk, J. G., Hoye, B. J., Verhagen, J. H., Nolet, B. A., Fouchier,
R. A., & Klaassen, M. (2014). Juveniles and migrants as drivers for
seasonal epizootics of avian influenza virus. Journal of Animal Ecology
83: 266-275.
Zylberberg, M. (2015). Common measures of immune function vary with time
of day and sampling protocol in five passerine species. The Journal of
Experimental Biology 218: 757 –
766. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.111716