Tissue Biochemistry
MDA, a biomarker that indicates oxidative stress as a lipid peroxidation product, showed a significant increase in the CIS group as compared to the Control group (p<0.05). Intriguingly, MDA levels were significantly higher in the RAN+CIS group than in the CIS and CIS+RAN groups (p<0.05) (Figure 4).
SOD, CAT, and GSH are antioxidant enzymes that work to prevent damage caused by ROS and take part in different enzymatic steps to render these radicals harmless. SOD levels were decreased in the CIS and RAN+CIS groups, as compared to the Control group, but increased nonsignificantly in the CIS+RAN group (p>0.05). CAT and GSH values were similar among groups (p>0.05) (Figure 4).