2.1 Data source
OpenVigil 2.1 (https://openvigil.sourceforge.net/) is an online tool used for data mining and pharmacovigilance data analysis, which has been widely utilized in pharmacovigilance research.[15] In this study, we employed this online tool to retrieve data from the FAERS database. The search period was set from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2023 for pirfenidone and January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2023 for nintedanib according to their respective launch dates. Various pharmaproduct names of pirfenidone (such as ’esbriet’, ’pirfenidone aet’, ’pirfenidone axunio’, ’pirfenidone viatris’, ’truemed group llc’) and ’ofev’ or ’vargatef’ for nintedanib were used as search terms. Only primary suspect roles were considered for the analysis.