Table 3. Succinic acid production of microbe species.
Knock-out or over-expression genes: ldhA , lactate dehydrogenase
1; pyc , pyruvate carboxylase; xylA, xylose isomerase; xylB,
xylulose kinase; gapA , glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
A; pntAB , membrane-bound transhydrogenase; ecaA , carbonic
anhydrase; pepc , phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; pqo ,
pyruvate:menaquinone oxidoreductase; cat , acetyl-CoA:-CoA
transferase; ackA , acetate kinase; ppc ,
phosphoen+olpyruvate carboxylase; aceA , isocitrate lyase;aceB , malate synthase; sucE , succinic acid transporter;gltA , citrate synthase; Ylsdh5 , succinate dehydrogenase E;adhE , aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase; pflB , pyruvate
formate-lyase; mgsA , methylglyoxal synthase; ptsG , glucose
transporter; poxB , pyruvate/ubiquinone oxidoreductase;pck , phosphoenolpyruvate caboxylkinase; fum , fumarase;mdh , malate dehydrogenase; sucE , succinic acid transporter
DDAP, diluted acid pretreatment