References
Baldwin, B. G., S. Boyd, B. J. Ertter, R. W. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti,
and D. Wilken. 2002. The Jepson desert manual: vascular plants of south
eastern California. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los
Angeles, London.
Blowes, S. A., S. R. Supp, L. H. Antão, A. Bates, H. Bruelheide, J. M.
Chase, F. Moyes, A. Magurran, B. McGill, and I. H. Myers-Smith. 2019.
The geography of biodiversity change in marine and terrestrial
assemblages. Science 366 :339-345.
Bradford, M. G., H. T. Murphy, A. J. Ford, D. L. Hogan, and D. J.
Metcalfe. 2014. Long‐term stem inventory data from tropical rain forest
plots in Australia: Ecological Archives E095‐209. Ecology95 :2362-2362.
Chase, J. M., B. J. McGill, P. L. Thompson, L. H. Antão, A. E. Bates, S.
A. Blowes, M. Dornelas, A. Gonzalez, A. E. Magurran, and S. R. Supp.
2019. Species richness change across spatial scales. Oikos128 :1079-1091.
Cover, T. M., and J. A. Thomas. 2012. Elements of information theory.
John Wiley & Sons.
Dornelas, M., L. H. Antao, F. Moyes, A. E. Bates, A. E. Magurran, D.
Adam, A. A. Akhmetzhanova, W. Appeltans, J. M. Arcos, and H. Arnold.
2018. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the
Anthropocene. Global Ecology and Biogeography 27 :760-786.
Dornelas, M., N. J. Gotelli, H. Shimadzu, F. Moyes, A. E. Magurran, and
B. J. McGill. 2019. A balance of winners and losers in the Anthropocene.
Ecology Letters 22 :847-854.
Ernest, S. M., T. J. Valone, and J. H. Brown. 2009. Long‐term monitoring
and experimental manipulation of a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem near
Portal, Arizona, USA: Ecological Archives E090‐118. Ecology90 :1708-1708.
Farah, F., R. Rodrigues, F. Santos, J. Tamashiro, G. Shepherd, T.
Siqueira, J. Batista, and B. Manly. 2014. Forest destructuring as
revealed by the temporal dynamics of fundamental species–case study of
Santa Genebra Forest in Brazil. Ecological Indicators 37 :40-44.
Frank, S. A. 2012. Natural selection. IV. The Price equation. Journal of
evolutionary biology 25 :1002-1019.
Frank, S. A., and W. Godsoe. 2020. The generalized Price equation:
forces that change population statistics. Frontiers in Ecology and
Evolution 8 :240.
Godsoe, W., E. K. Eisen, D. Stanton, and K. M. Sirianni. 2021. Selection
and biodiversity change. Theoretical Ecology:367–379.
Godsoe, W., E. Moltchanova, and P. J. Bellingham. 2022. Disentangling
niche theory from biodiversity change. The American Naturalist199 :510-522.
Godsoe, W., R. Murray, and R. Iritani. 2023. Species interactions and
diversity: a unified framework using Hill numbers. Oikos2023 :e09282.
Hillebrand, H., B. Blasius, E. T. Borer, J. M. Chase, J. A. Downing, B.
K. Eriksson, C. T. Filstrup, W. S. Harpole, D. Hodapp, and S. Larsen.
2018. Biodiversity change is uncoupled from species richness trends:
Consequences for conservation and monitoring. Journal of Applied Ecology55 :169-184.
Holland, J. N., and D. L. DeAngelis. 2009. Consumer-resource theory
predicts dynamic transitions between outcomes of interspecific
interactions. Ecology Letters 12 :1357-1366.
Jost, L. 2006. Entropy and diversity. Oikos 113 :363-375.
Jost, L. 2007. Partitioning diversity into independent alpha and beta
components. Ecology 88 :2427-2439.
Kerr, B., and P. Godfrey‐Smith. 2009. Generalization of the Price
equation for evolutionary change. Evolution 63 :531-536.
Lightfoot, D. 2011. Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Vegetation Data
from the Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta
National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2006-2009).
MacArthur, R. H. 1965. Patterns of species diversity. Biological Reviews40 :510-533.
McGill, B. J., M. Dornelas, N. J. Gotelli, and A. E. Magurran. 2015.
Fifteen forms of biodiversity trend in the Anthropocene. Trends in
ecology & evolution 30 :104-113.
Patil, G., and C. Taillie. 1982. Diversity as a concept and its
measurement. Journal of the American statistical Association77 :548-561.
Price, G. R. 1970. Selection and covariance. Nature227 :520-521.
Rice, S. H. 2004. Evolutionary theory: mathematical and conceptual
foundations. Sinauer Associates Sunderland.
Roswell, M., J. Dushoff, and R. Winfree. 2021. A conceptual guide to
measuring species diversity. Oikos 130 :321-338.
Sax, D. F., S. D. Gaines, and J. H. Brown. 2002. Species invasions
exceed extinctions on islands worldwide: a comparative study of plants
and birds. The American Naturalist 160 :766-783.
Socolar, J. B., J. J. Gilroy, W. E. Kunin, and D. P. Edwards. 2016. How
should beta-diversity inform biodiversity conservation? Trends in
ecology & evolution 31 :67-80.
Tatsumi, S., R. Iritani, and M. W. Cadotte. 2021. Temporal changes in
spatial variation: partitioning the extinction and colonisation
components of beta diversity. Ecology Letters 24 :1063-1072.
Tatsumi, S., J. Strengbom, M. Čugunovs, and J. Kouki. 2020. Partitioning
the colonization and extinction components of beta diversity across
disturbance gradients. Ecology 101 :e03183.
Thorn, S., C. Bässler, M. Bernhardt‐Römermann, M. Cadotte, C. Heibl, H.
Schäfer, S. Seibold, and J. Müller. 2016. Changes in the dominant
assembly mechanism drive species loss caused by declining resources.
Ecology Letters 19 :163-170.
Urban, M. C. 2015. Accelerating extinction risk from climate change.
Science 348 :571-573.
Urban, M. C., G. Bocedi, A. P. Hendry, J.-B. Mihoub, G. Pe’er, A.
Singer, J. Bridle, L. Crozier, L. De Meester, W. Godsoe, A. Gonzalez, J.
J. Hellmann, R. D. Holt, A. Huth, K. Johst, C. B. Krug, P. W. Leadley,
S. C. F. Palmer, J. H. Pantel, A. Schmitz, P. A. Zollner, and J. M. J.
Travis. 2016. Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate
change. Science 353 :aad8466.
Vellend, M. 2010. Conceptual synthesis in community ecology. The
Quarterly review of biology 85 :183-206.
Vellend, M. 2016. The theory of ecological communities (MPB-57).
Princeton University Press.
Vellend, M., L. Baeten, A. Becker-Scarpitta, V. Boucher-Lalonde, J. L.
McCune, J. Messier, I. H. Myers-Smith, and D. F. Sax. 2017. Plant
biodiversity change across scales during the Anthropocene. Annual Review
of Plant Biology 68 .
Vellend, M., L. Baeten, I. H. Myers-Smith, S. C. Elmendorf, R.
Beauséjour, C. D. Brown, P. De Frenne, K. Verheyen, and S. Wipf. 2013.
Global meta-analysis reveals no net change in local-scale plant
biodiversity over time. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences110 :19456-19459.
Venturoli, F., J. M. Felfili, and C. W. Fagg. 2011. Temporal evaluation
of natural regeneration in a semideciduous secondary forest in
Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Revista Árvore 35 :473-483.
Webb, S. L., and S. E. Scanga. 2001. Windstorm disturbance without patch
dynamics: twelve years of change in a Minnesota forest. Ecology82 :893-897.
Wood, S., and M. S. Wood. 2015. Package ‘mgcv’. R package version1 :29.