4.1 - Protectins
Protectins, like other specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), are
derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and are produced by hydrolases.
These bioactive lipids exhibit potent pro-resolving actions, even at
nanomolar and picomolar concentrations (Hansen et al., 2019; Schwab et
al., 2007). They exert their effects on various cell types, including
macrophages, neutrophils, and glial cells (Marcheselli et al., 2003;
Schwab et al., 2007; Hong et al., 2003). Notably, recently discovered
conjugated lipids with similarities to protectins have also been found
to possess pro-resolving properties. One example is protectin conjugates
in tissue regeneration 1 (PCTR1) (Dalli et al., 2015). These conjugated
lipids expand the repertoire of pro-resolving molecules and contribute
to the resolution of inflammation and tissue regeneration.