\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Slab Ocean Component of the Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM):
Development, Evaluation and Application to Understanding Earth System
Sensitivity}



\author[1]{Oluwayemi A. Garuba}%
\author[2]{Philip J. Rasch}%
\author[3]{L. Ruby Leung}%
\author[1]{Hailong Wang}%
\author[2]{Samson Hagos}%
\author[2]{Balwinder Singh}%
\affil[1]{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory}%
\affil[2]{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (DOE)}%
\affil[3]{PNNL}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 26, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
This work describes the implementation and evaluation of the Slab Ocean
Model com16 ponent of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2
(E3SMv2-SOM) and its application to understanding the climate
sensitivity to ocean heat transports (OHTs) and CO2 forcing. E3SMv2-SOM
reproduces the baseline climate and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity
(ECS) of the fully coupled E3SMv2 experiments reasonably well, with a
pattern correlation close to 1 and a global mean bias of less than 1\%
of the fully coupled surface temperature and precipitation. Sea ice
extent and volume are also well reproduced in the SOM. Consistent with
general model behavior, the ECS estimated from the SOM (4.5K) exceeds
the effective climate sensitivity obtained from extrapolation to
equilibrium in the fully coupled model (4.0K). The E3SMv2 baseline
climate also shows a large sensitivity to OHT strengths, with a global
surface temperature difference of about 4.0* C between high-/low-OHT
experiments with prescribed forcings derived from fully coupled
experiments with realistic/weak ocean circulation strengths. Similar to
their forc ng pattern, the surface temperature response occurs mainly
over the subpolar regions in both hemispheres. However, the Southern
Ocean shows more surface temperature sensitivity to high/low-OHT forcing
due to a positive/negative shortwave cloud radiative effect caused by
decreases/increases in mid-latitude marine low-level clouds. This large
temperature sensitivity also causes an overcompensation between the
prescribed OHTs and atmosphere heat transports. The SOM's ECS estimate
is also sensitive to the prescribed OHT and the associated baseline
climate it is initialized from; the high-OHT ECS is 0.5K lower than the
low-OHT ECS.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

