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\begin{document}

\title{Phenotypic characterization of the Rwandan stinging nettle (Urtica
massaica Mildbr.) with emphasis on leaf morphological differences.}



\author[1]{Jean  Nduwamungu}%
\author[1]{Philippe Munyandamutsa}%
\author[1]{Jean Marie Vianney Senyanzobe}%
\author[1]{charles Ruhimbana}%
\author[1]{Marie Aurore Ugirabe}%
\author[1]{Janvier Mahoro}%
\author[1]{Marie Christine Dusingize}%
\author[1]{Mary Karungi}%
\author[1]{Emmanuel Irimaso}%
\author[1]{Eric Maniraho}%
\author[1]{Phenias Nsabimana}%
\author[1]{Canisius Mugunga}%
\author[2]{Cyprien Mugemangago}%
\affil[1]{University of Rwanda College of Agriculture Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine}%
\affil[2]{University of Rwanda College of Science and Technology}%


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  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Phenotypic characterization of the Rwandan stinging nettle (Urtica
massaica Mildbr.) with emphasis on leaf morphological differences.
Authors : Nduwamungu, J.1, Munyandamutsa, P.1, Senyanzobe, J.M.V.1,
Ruhimbana, C.1, Ugirabe, M.A1, Mahoro, J1., Dusingize, M.C1., Kabarungi,
M.1, Irimaso, E.1, Maniraho, E1., Nsabimana, P.1, Mugunga, C.1, and
Mugemangango, C.2 1. College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and
Veterinary Medicine 2. College of Sciences and Technology. Corresponding
author: nzobe2020@gmail.com Abstract Patterns of intraspecific variation
based on environmental conditions in which populations live may reflect
adaptive responses to their habitat. The Rwandan stinging nettle plant
grows in most parts of Rwanda both in the wild and domestication forms.
While the plant can easily be identified through its leaves and life
form, it has been observed that the leaf morphology slightly varied from
one region to another. This study aimed to investigate morphological
variations, particularly in leaf morphology of the Rwandan stinging
nettle growing in the lowland, midland, and highland. Specimens of the
stinging nettle were taken from different sites located in the three
altitudinal zones. Plant heights and leaf lengths varied from one site
to another and the statistical analysis revealed that the average plant
heights, as well as leaf lengths of mature stinging nettle samples from
highland, midland, and lowland, were significantly different. The
results showed that there were morphological differences, particularly
in leaves among the three altitudinal zones. The most prominent
difference was in the main vein of the stinging nettle. Changes in leaf
morphology can be linked to differences in environment and nutrient
availability between the three habitats which could have enabled the
species to evolve differently. However, the genetic basis of these
phenotypic changes needs to be examined in future research to establish
their heritability for future populations of the stinging nettle plant
in Rwanda. Key words: Morphometrics, stinging nettle, traits, habitat,
Rwanda.%
\end{abstract}%



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