3.2. D-allose protects HT22 cells from OGD/R-induced cytotoxicity in vitro
In neurons and other nerve cells, OGD/R induced cytotoxicity and further caused more serious injuries in the cells. Here, we observed that increased the release of LDH and decreased cell viability consistently at 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h following OGD/R injury in vitro (Fig2 A-B), then 1.8mg/mL D-allose treatment markedly reduced the high levels of LDH release, which induced by OGD/R injury (P <0.01, Fig2 C-D). Meanwhile, treatment with D-allose decreased TUNEL-positive cells and cleaved caspase 3 levels in vitro, as well as enhanced cell viability and Bcl-2/Bax on HT22 cells, which tested by using CCK-8, undergoing OGD/R injury when compared with the OGD/R group (P <0.01, Fig2 E-F). Additionally, Compared to the Sham group, OGD/R induced a significant increase of cleaved Caspase1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in vitro (P <0.01, Fig2 G-I) and D-allose remarkably decreased these inflammatory factor levels after cell injury. Above all, these results indicated that D-allose protects HT22 cells from OGD/R-induced cytotoxicity, inflammation and apoptosis.