1. Introduction
Listeriosis is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacteriumListeria monocytogenes. Compared with other populations, the incidence of listeriosis in pregnant women is elevated. Listeriainfection can lead to serious consequences in pregnant women such as miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, and congenital perinatal infections [1]. Between 2011 and 2017 in China, 562 cases of listeriosis were reported, the probability death among pregnant women with listeriosis is as high as 32.68% [2]. However, limited data are available on previous cases of congenital listeria infection [3, 4]. The available literature on congenital listeriosis also rarely focuses on treatment of patients for whom early diagnosis is difficult or impossible to achieve. The objective of this manuscript is to summarize disease progression, diagnosis, and treatment strategies in premature infants with L. monocytogenes infection. We focus on the reasons for treatment delays to provide a reference for clinicians.