3. Deacetylation
Enzymatic or non-enzymatic lysine acetylation can be reversed by the
action of lysine deacetylase (KDAC), also known as histone deacetylases
(HDAC), since histones were the first identified substrate of the
enzymes (Inoue & Fujimoto, 1969). Based on pairwise sequence
comparisons and cofactor requirement, HDACs are grouped into four
classes: the metal-dependent class I, II, and IV HDACs that do not
require cofactors to deacetylated; and class III HDACs, commonly
referred to as sirtuins, that are evolutionarily and mechanistically
distinct family of NAD-dependent enzymes (Gregorett et al., 2004;
Hentchel & Escalante-Semerena, 2015; Lombardi et al., 2011).