TNF-α
12 studies included showed that icariin and its derivatives
significantly decreased the level of TNF-α [n = 238, SMD=-6.326, 95%CI (-7.860, -4.791), p = 0.000]
(Figurer 5A ). Furthermore, given the significant heterogeneity
among studies (I2 = 83.4%, p = 0.000),
subgroup analyzes were performed based on dose, duration of treatment,
type of disease, animal species and animal sex. Among them, the
heterogeneity of the ”0-5 days” subgroup categorized by treatment
duration and the ”Local inflammation” and ”Nervous system” subgroups
categorized by disease type improved significantly, indicating that
treatment duration and disease type are important sources of
heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was significantly improved in the ”0-5
days” subgroup based on treatment duration and the ”Local inflammation”
and ”Nervous system” subgroups based on disease type, suggesting that
treatment duration and disease type are important sources of
heterogeneity in this index (Table 2) .