2.1.2 Inclusion criteria
The included studies met the following conditions: (1) Inflammatory
disease animal models are induced through methods such as physical
ligation or chemical induction. (2) Animal model species, gender, age,
weight, and sample size were not restricted. (3) The treatment group
received only icariin or its derivatives, while the control group
received either vehicle treatment or no treatment. Main inflammatory
markers were Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 beta
(IL-1β). Secondary inflammatory markers were Interleukin-6 (IL-6),
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-β1),
Inhibitor kappa B α (IkB-α), Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-κB) p65
subunit, and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NLRP3). The
anti-inflammatory/transcriptional regulators were Peroxisome
Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha (PPARα), Peroxisome
Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) Anti-oxidative stress
indicators were Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA).
The apoptosis regulators are B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and Bcl-2
Assaciated X, protein (Bax).