2.1.2 Inclusion criteria
The included studies met the following conditions: (1) Inflammatory disease animal models are induced through methods such as physical ligation or chemical induction. (2) Animal model species, gender, age, weight, and sample size were not restricted. (3) The treatment group received only icariin or its derivatives, while the control group received either vehicle treatment or no treatment. Main inflammatory markers were Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Secondary inflammatory markers were Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), Inhibitor kappa B α (IkB-α), Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 subunit, and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NLRP3). The anti-inflammatory/transcriptional regulators were Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha (PPARα), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) Anti-oxidative stress indicators were Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). The apoptosis regulators are B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and Bcl-2 Assaciated X, protein (Bax).