MKP-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1, PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog, ABCA1 ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, PCSK9 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, VLDLR very low-density lipoprotein receptor, KLF4 krüppel-like factor 4, DUSP5 dual specificity phosphatase 5, MGP matrix gla protein, MyD88 myeloid differentiation primary response 88, TLR4 toll-like receptor 4, SIRT1 sirtuin-1, p53 tumor protein 53, WNT5A wingless/integrated-5A, TPM1 tropomyosin 1, DDAH1 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1, HMGB1 high mobility group box 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, Smad3 sma- and mad-related protein 3, STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, IGF1 insulin-like growth factor 1, ApoE^−/− mice apolipoprotein e-knockout mice, RAW264.7 RAW 264.7 mouse leukemia macrophage cell line, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cell line, VSMCs vascular smooth muscle cells, HA-VSMCs human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, HASMCs human airway smooth muscle cells, HAEC human aortic endothelial cells, SD rats sprague-dawley rats, RAECs rat aortic endothelial cells, VECs vascular endothelial cells, hVSMCs human vascular smooth muscle cells, TET2 tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2.