3.12 Ginsenoside Rb2
Ginsenoside Rb2, extracted fromPanax ginseng C.A. Mey., is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with antioxidant (Q. Huang et al., 2014), anti-inflammatory (Q. Huang, Wang, & Wang, 2017) and anti-apoptotic activities (B. Gao et al., 2015). In macrophages, ginsenoside Rb2 has been found to exert anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating the expression of an ω-3 fatty acid receptor GPR120 (Q. Huang et al., 2017). A recent study showed that ginsenoside Rb2 can also inhibit endothelial senescence and inflammation. Mechanistically, ginsenoside Rb2 has a specific binding affinity for miR-216a and further attenuates miR-216a-induced inflammatory processes and aging states through the Smad3/IκBα signaling pathway (Y. Chen et al., 2021).