Introduction
Fungal endocarditis, though only responsible for about 2–4% of all infective endocarditis, is associated with a significantly higher mortality risk [1, 2]. Candida species are responsible for most cases of fungal endocarditis, with C. albicans being the most common fungus identified, followed by C. parapsilosis [3].C. parapsilosis is especially common in intravenous drug users (IVDU) and patients receiving parenteral nutrition [4]. Prosthetic heart devices, prolonged central venous lines, and immunocompromised hosts are also established risk factors [5]. Its tendency to form biofilms on foreign bodies may explain its relationship with vascular devices and its pathogenic potential [6]. Most cases of C. parapsilosis recorded thus far have either isolated prosthetic valve involvement or, less frequently, isolated native valve involvement [4]. We present a rare instance of a 44-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug abuse who presented with relapsing C. parapsilosis endocarditis that initially affected the native aortic valve, followed by relapse with C. parapsilosis fungemia, septic embolization to the spleen, and involvement of the bioprosthetic aortic valve.