References
1. Lang A, Carlsen KH, Haaland G, Devulapalli CS, Munthe-Kaas M, Mowinckel P et al. Severe asthma in childhood: assessed in 10 year olds in a birth cohort study. Allergy 2008;63 :1054–1060.
2. Chung KF, Wenzel SE, Brozek JL, Bush A, Castro M, Sterk PJ et al. International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. Eur Respir J 2014;43 :343–373.
3. Fitzpatrick AM, Teague WG, Meyers DA, Peters SP, Li X, Li H et al. Heterogeneity of severe asthma in childhood: confirmation by cluster analysis of children in the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127 :382-389.e1-13.
4. Just J, Bourgoin-Heck M, Amat F. Clinical phenotypes in asthma during childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2017;47 :848–855.
5. Custovic A, Sonntag H-J, Buchan IE, Belgrave D, Simpson A, Prosperi MCF. Evolution pathways of IgE responses to grass and mite allergens throughout childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol2015;136 :1645-1652.e8.
6. Posa D, Perna S, Resch Y, Lupinek C, Panetta V, Hofmaier S et al. Evolution and predictive value of IgE responses toward a comprehensive panel of house dust mite allergens during the first 2 decades of life.J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017;139 :541-549.e8.
7. Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S, Niggemann B, Grüber C, Wahn U et al. Perennial allergen sensitisation early in life and chronic asthma in children: a birth cohort study. Lancet2006;368 :763–770.
8. Gabet S, Just J, Couderc R, Bousquet J, Seta N, Momas I. Early polysensitization is associated with allergic multimorbidity in PARIS birth cohort infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol2016;27 :831–837.
9. Hose AJ, Depner M, Illi S, Lau S, Keil T, Wahn U et al. Latent class analysis reveals clinically relevant atopy phenotypes in 2 birth cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017;139 :1935-1945.e12.
10. Roberts G, Fontanella S, Selby A, Howard R, Filippi S, Hedlin G et al. Connectivity patterns between multiple allergen specific IgE antibodies and their association with severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;146 :821–830.
11. Lezmi G, Lejeune S, Pin I, Blanchon S, Bouazza N, Jolaine V et al. Factors Associated with Asthma Severity in Children: Data from the French COBRAPed Cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract2021;9 :1969–1979.
12. Hedlin G, Bush A, Lødrup Carlsen K, Wennergren G, De Benedictis FM, Melén E et al. Problematic severe asthma in children, not one problem but many: a GA2LEN initiative. Eur Respir J2010;36 :196–201.
13. Fontanella S, Frainay C, Murray CS, Simpson A, Custovic A. Machine learning to identify pairwise interactions between specific IgE antibodies and their association with asthma: A cross-sectional analysis within a population-based birth cohort. PLOS Medicine2018;15 :e1002691.
14. Howard R, Belgrave D, Papastamoulis P, Simpson A, Rattray M, Custovic A. Evolution of IgE responses to multiple allergen components throughout childhood. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2018;142 :1322–1330.
15. Papastamoulis P, Rattray M. BayesBinMix: an R Package for Model Based Clustering of Multivariate Binary Data. The R Journal2017;9 :403.
16. Loraud C, de Ménonville CT, Bourgoin-Heck M, Cottel N, Wanin S, Just J. Emergence of pollen food allergy syndrome in asthmatic children in Paris. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021;32 :702–708.
17. Westman M, Lupinek C, Bousquet J, Andersson N, Pahr S, Baar A et al. Early childhood IgE reactivity to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins predicts allergic rhinitis in adolescence. J Allergy Clin Immunol2015;135 :1199-1206.e1-11.
18. Wickman M, Lupinek C, Andersson N, Belgrave D, Asarnoj A, Benet M et al. Detection of IgE Reactivity to a Handful of Allergen Molecules in Early Childhood Predicts Respiratory Allergy in Adolescence.EBioMedicine 2017;26 :91–99.
19. Ciprandi G, Silvestri M, Pistorio A, Olcese R, Del Barba P, Tosca MA. Bet v 1 sensitization modulates allergenic molecular immune response. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2019;51 :21–31.
20. Scala E, Abeni D, Cecchi L, Guerra EC, Locanto M, Pirrotta L et al. Molecular Recognition Profiles and Clinical Patterns of PR-10 Sensitization in a Birch-Free Mediterranean Area. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017;173 :138–146.
21. Konradsen JR, Nordlund B, Onell A, Borres MP, Grönlund H, Hedlin G. Severe childhood asthma and allergy to furry animals: refined assessment using molecular-based allergy diagnostics. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014;25 :187–192.
22. Käck U, van Hage M, Grönlund H, Lilja G, Asarnoj A, Konradsen JR. Allergic sensitization to lipocalins reflects asthma morbidity in dog dander sensitized children. Clin Transl Allergy2022;12 :e12149.
23. Asero R, Antonicelli L, Arena A, Bommarito L, Caruso B, Crivellaro M et al. EpidemAAITO: features of food allergy in Italian adults attending allergy clinics: a multi-centre study. Clin Exp Allergy2009;39 :547–555.
24. Olivieri B, Stoenchev KV, Skypala IJ. Anaphylaxis across Europe: are pollen food syndrome and lipid transfer protein allergy so far apart?Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022;22 :291–297.
25. Mastrorilli C, Tripodi S, Caffarelli C, Perna S, Di Rienzo-Businco A, Sfika I et al. Endotypes of pollen-food syndrome in children with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: a molecular classification.Allergy 2016;71 :1181–1191.
26. Caillaud D, Leynaert B, Keirsbulck M, Nadif R, mould ANSES working group. Indoor mould exposure, asthma and rhinitis: findings from systematic reviews and recent longitudinal studies. Eur Respir Rev 2018;27 :170137.
27. Bush A. Kids, Difficult Asthma and Fungus. J Fungi (Basel)2020;6 :55.
28. Kanchongkittiphon W, Mendell MJ, Gaffin JM, Wang G, Phipatanakul W. Indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma: an update to the 2000 review by the Institute of Medicine. Environ Health Perspect 2015;123 :6–20.
29. Custovic A, Belgrave D, Lin L, Bakhsoliani E, Telcian AG, Solari R et al. Cytokine Responses to Rhinovirus and Development of Asthma, Allergic Sensitization, and Respiratory Infections during Childhood.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;197 :1265–1274.
30. Deschildre A, Marguet C, Salleron J, Pin I, Rittié J-L, Derelle J et al. Add-on omalizumab in children with severe allergic asthma: a 1-year real life survey. Eur Respir J 2013;42 :1224–1233.
31. Lieberman PL, Umetsu DT, Carrigan GJ, Rahmaoui A. Anaphylactic reactions associated with omalizumab administration: Analysis of a case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol2016;138 :913-915.e2.
32. Rolland-Cachera MF, Sempé M, Guilloud-Bataille M, Patois E, Péquignot-Guggenbuhl F, Fautrad V. Adiposity indices in children.Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36 :178–184.
33. Nathan RA, Sorkness CA, Kosinski M, Schatz M, Li JT, Marcus P et al. Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;113 :59–65.
34. Liu AH, Zeiger R, Sorkness C, Mahr T, Ostrom N, Burgess S et al. Development and cross-sectional validation of the Childhood Asthma Control Test. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119 :817–825.
35. Juniper EF, Guyatt GH, Feeny DH, Ferrie PJ, Griffith LE, Townsend M. Measuring quality of life in children with asthma. Qual Life Res1996;5 :35–46.
36. Dreborg S. Skin testing. The safety of skin tests and the information obtained from using different methods and concentrations of allergen. Allergy 1993;48 :473–475.
37. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J2005;26 :319–338.
38. Beydon N, Davis SD, Lombardi E, Allen JL, Arets HGM, Aurora P et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: pulmonary function testing in preschool children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175 :1304–1345.
39. Stanojevic S, Kaminsky DA, Miller MR, Thompson B, Aliverti A, Barjaktarevic I et al. ERS/ATS technical standard on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests. Eur Respir J2022;60 :2101499.