Figure legends
Figure 1. Life history of Erigeron annuus and effect ofPhytoecia rufiventris . Erigeron annuus flowers once a year
and overwinters as rosette. Girdling of P. rufiventris delays
seed production by killing the shoot apical meristem.
Figure 2. Tolerance response of Erigeron annuus under
attack of Phytoecia rufiventris . (a) Number of flowers 3 weeks
post girdling, in non-girdled (NG) and experimentally girdled (G)E. annuus plants. (different alphabet indicates statistically
significant difference; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD) (b) SPAD
values of 10 th true leaf from girdled and non-girdled E. annuus .
(n.s., no significant difference; ***, p <0.001;
Student’s t-test) (c) Numbers of branches longer than 15 cm of girdled
and non-girdled E. annuus measured in field monitoring. (The
error bars indicate standard errors; *, p<0.05; **.
p<0.01; n.s., no significant difference; Student’s t-test) (d)
Flower numbers of girdled and non-girdled E. annuus measured in
field monitoring. (The error bars indicate standard errors; *,
p<0.05; n.s., no significant difference; Student’s t-test) (e)
Flower diameter of girdled and non-girdled E. annuus. (n.s., no
significant difference; Student’s t-test). All boxes indicate first and
third quantiles and the line in the middle indicates the median. Error
bars on line plots indicate standard errors.
Figure 3. Greenhouse competition assay using 2 week-delayed
germination. (a) Experimental setup of competition assay. EG, early
germination; DG, delayed germination. (b-e) Time-course measurements on
growth and reproduction-related parameters of EG and DG plants (**,
p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test). (b) Rosette
diameter, (c) number of branches, (d) Total length of branches, and (e)
number of flowers are measured. (f) Fresh and dry mass of EG and DG
plants at the end of the assay. (***, p<0.001; Student’s
t-test) Error bars on line plots indicate standard errors.
Figure 4. Field competition assay using 2 week-delayed
germination. (a) Experimental setup of competition assay. EG, early
germination; DG, delayed germination. (b-e) Time-course measurements on
growth and reproduction-related parameters of EG and DG plants. Error
bars indicate standard errors. (b) Rosette diameter (***,
p<0.001; Student’s t-test), (c) number of bolted plants, (d)
total length of branches (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test), and
(e) number of flowers are measured. (***, p<0.001; Student’s
t-test) (f) Diameter of flower from EG and DG plants. (n.s., no
significant difference; Student’s t-test) (g) Fresh and dry mass of EG
and DG plants at the end of the assay. (***, p<0.001;
Student’s t-test) (h) Herbivore damage on EG and DG plants measured
before overwintering season. (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test)
Error bars on line plots indicate standard errors.
Figure 5. Field non-competition growth assay with 2
weeks-delayed germination. Time-course measurements on growth and
reproduction-related parameters of EG and DG plants are conducted. Error
bars indicate standard errors. (a) Field site under herbivory exclusion
and non-competition (b) Rosette diameter (n.s., no significant
differences; Student’s t-test), (c) number of axillary branches (***,
p<0.001; Student’s t-test), (d) total length of branches (*,
p<0.05; **, p<0.01; Student’s t-test), and (e)
number of flowers were measured (*, p<0.05; **,
p<0.01; Student’s t-test). Error bars on line plots indicate
standard errors.