Plants and insects
Erigeron annuus seeds were collected in Daejeon in 2019. Third-generation of field-collected seeds were used in this study. The seeds were germinated on a germination media plate (Gamborg’s B5 (Duchefa) 3.16 g/L, plant agar (Duchefa) 6 g/L, pH 6.8) and transplanted into the soil 12 days later. Plants were grown under long-day conditions (16L:8D) at 26 °C. We used 8-week-old plants for the experimental girdling.