Figure legends
Figure 1. Life history of Erigeron annuus and effect ofPhytoecia rufiventris . Erigeron annuus flowers once a year and overwinters as rosette. Girdling of P. rufiventris delays seed production by killing the shoot apical meristem.
Figure 2. Tolerance response of Erigeron annuus under attack of Phytoecia rufiventris . (a) Number of flowers 3 weeks post girdling, in non-girdled (NG) and experimentally girdled (G)E. annuus plants. (different alphabet indicates statistically significant difference; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD) (b) SPAD values of 10 th true leaf from girdled and non-girdled E. annuus . (n.s., no significant difference; ***, p <0.001; Student’s t-test) (c) Numbers of branches longer than 15 cm of girdled and non-girdled E. annuus measured in field monitoring. (The error bars indicate standard errors; *, p<0.05; **. p<0.01; n.s., no significant difference; Student’s t-test) (d) Flower numbers of girdled and non-girdled E. annuus measured in field monitoring. (The error bars indicate standard errors; *, p<0.05; n.s., no significant difference; Student’s t-test) (e) Flower diameter of girdled and non-girdled E. annuus. (n.s., no significant difference; Student’s t-test). All boxes indicate first and third quantiles and the line in the middle indicates the median. Error bars on line plots indicate standard errors.
Figure 3. Greenhouse competition assay using 2 week-delayed germination. (a) Experimental setup of competition assay. EG, early germination; DG, delayed germination. (b-e) Time-course measurements on growth and reproduction-related parameters of EG and DG plants (**, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test). (b) Rosette diameter, (c) number of branches, (d) Total length of branches, and (e) number of flowers are measured. (f) Fresh and dry mass of EG and DG plants at the end of the assay. (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test) Error bars on line plots indicate standard errors.
Figure 4. Field competition assay using 2 week-delayed germination. (a) Experimental setup of competition assay. EG, early germination; DG, delayed germination. (b-e) Time-course measurements on growth and reproduction-related parameters of EG and DG plants. Error bars indicate standard errors. (b) Rosette diameter (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test), (c) number of bolted plants, (d) total length of branches (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test), and (e) number of flowers are measured. (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test) (f) Diameter of flower from EG and DG plants. (n.s., no significant difference; Student’s t-test) (g) Fresh and dry mass of EG and DG plants at the end of the assay. (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test) (h) Herbivore damage on EG and DG plants measured before overwintering season. (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test) Error bars on line plots indicate standard errors.
Figure 5. Field non-competition growth assay with 2 weeks-delayed germination. Time-course measurements on growth and reproduction-related parameters of EG and DG plants are conducted. Error bars indicate standard errors. (a) Field site under herbivory exclusion and non-competition (b) Rosette diameter (n.s., no significant differences; Student’s t-test), (c) number of axillary branches (***, p<0.001; Student’s t-test), (d) total length of branches (*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; Student’s t-test), and (e) number of flowers were measured (*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; Student’s t-test). Error bars on line plots indicate standard errors.