Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)
Modifications in the microstructure of emulsions, generated through different methods, throughout the in vitro digestion process, were visualized using a confocal laser scanning microscope (LEICA, SP8, Germany). Before observation, Nile red was utilized to label released oil, resulting in red fluorescence for the two different emulsions during in vitro digestion. Simultaneously, water phases were stained with Nile blue. The confocal images were captured using a 63× oil immersion objective (Rathnakumar et al., 2023).