3.2.1 Mamukao River
In the spring (Fig 7(a)), the distribution of stable snowpack in the
Mamukao River is extensive, covering 85.51% of the total area of the
zone. However, stable snow cover is limited to the central and northern
parts of the district, primarily due to their lower altitude valley
locations. As altitude increases across different altitude zones, the
percentage of area covered by stable snow gradually rises. At altitudes
below 4400m, the distribution of stable snow areas is minimal,
accounting for only 32.63% of the total area. Conversely, in the
elevation range of 4400-4600m, the extent of stable snow accumulation is
larger, covering 83.08% of the region’s total area. The maximum
coverage of stable snow accumulation is observed in the 4600-4800m
elevation range, representing 92.66% of the area. Altitudes above 4800m
account for 92.05% of the region.
In winter (Fig 7(b)), the Mamukao River is only partially covered by
stable snow, accounting for a relatively small proportion of 10.6%.
This coverage is significantly smaller compared to the area covered by
stable snow in spring. The distribution of the stable snowpack is
sporadic, primarily found in the eastern and western regions, while it
is almost non-existent in the central and northern parts. The proportion
of the area covered by stable snow gradually increases with higher
altitudes. Below an altitude of 4400m, there is no distribution of
stable snow, resulting in a snow cover proportion of 0. Between 4400m
and 4600m, the area covered by stable snow is minimal, constituting only
1.61% of the total area. In the altitude range of 4600-4800m, the
proportion of stable snow coverage increases to 17.96%. Finally, at
altitudes exceeding 4800m, the proportion of stable snow cover reaches
47.16%, significantly surpassing other altitude areas.