No. |
No. |
components and herbs |
Level |
Mechanism on oxidative stress |
Mechanism on inflammation |
reference |
1 |
1 |
13-Methylberberine |
A |
|
inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome
activation via autophagy induction in HUVECs |
Peng et al.,
2020 |
2 |
2 |
Berberine |
B2 |
|
changed Ampk and Nf-κb gene expression |
Ma
et al., 2020 |
3 |
3 |
Berberine |
B1 |
|
promoting autophagy |
Ke et al.,
2020 |
4 |
4 |
Berberine |
B2 |
reduced aortic reactive oxygen species (ROS)
generation and reduced the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),
oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) |
|
Tan et al., 2020 |
5 |
5 |
Berberine |
A |
|
activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. |
Fan et al., 2015 |
6 |
6 |
betaine |
B1 |
|
Betaine could inhibit the development of
atherosclerosis via anti-inflammation. |
Fan et al., 2008 |
7 |
7 |
Coptisine |
B2 |
|
inhibiting activation of MAPK signaling
pathways and NF-κB nuclear translocation |
Feng et al.,
2017 |
8 |
8 |
Dehydrocorydaline |
A,B2 |
|
targeting macrophage p65- and
ERK1/2-mediated pathways |
Wen et al., 2021 |
9 |
9 |
Dendrobine |
A |
FKBP1A-involved autophagy ox-LDL-treated HUVECs |
FKBP1A-involved autophagy ox-LDL-treated HUVECs |
Lou et al.,
2022 |
10 |
10 |
Leonurine |
A,B2 |
suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway |
balanced NO production and inhibited NF-κB/P65 nuclear translocation |
Ning et al., 2020 |
11 |
11 |
6-gingerol |
B2 |
|
increased plaque formation, elevation of
plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein
cholesterin, and proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and
IL-6 |
Wang et al., 2018 |
12 |
12 |
Calycosin |
B2 |
|
improved autophagy through KLF2-MLKL
signalling pathway modulation |
Ma et al., 2022 |
13 |
13 |
dihydromyricetin |
A,B2 |
|
demonstrate that endothelial
miR-21-inhibited DDAH1-ADMA-eNOS-NO pathway promotes the pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis which can be rescued by DMY. |
Yang et al.,
2020 |
14 |
14 |
Dihydromyricetin |
A |
activating Akt and ERK1/2, which
subsequently activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling |
|
Luo et al.,
2017 |
15 |
15 |
Flavone of Hippophae |
B2 |
|
upregulating CTRP6 |
Zhuo et
al., 2019 |
16 |
16 |
Flavonoids |
A,B2 |
|
inhibiting mRNA and protein expression,
inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, ameliorated ox-LDL induced
macrophages-oriented foam cells formation through inducing cholesterol
efflux via PPARγ-ABCA1/ABCG1 |
Liu et al., 2022 |
17 |
17 |
Formononetin |
C |
alleviates ox-LDL-induced endothelial
injury in HUVECs by stimulating PPAR-γ signaling |
|
Zhang et al.,
2021 |
18 |
18 |
Formononetin |
A,B2 |
|
regulation of interplay between KLF4
and SRA |
Ma et al., 2020 |
19 |
19 |
Hesperidin |
A |
|
alleviate BaP-induced inflammatory response
by decreasing IL-1β and TNF-α expression |
Duan et al.,
2022 |
20 |
20 |
Hesperidin |
B2 |
pleiotropic effects, including improvement
of insulin resistance, amelioration of lipid profiles, inhibition of
macrophage foam cell formation, anti-oxidative effect and
anti-inflammatory action. |
|
Sun et al., 2017 |
21 |
21 |
2,3,5,4’-Tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside |
B2 |
|
down-regulation of IL-6, TNF-α, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression in serum,
and PMRP inhibited inflammation by reducing VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and CCRA
expression in aortic tissue |
Li et al., 2019 |
22 |
22 |
amygdalin |
A,B2 |
|
MAPKs, AP-1 and NF-κB p65 signaling
pathways |
Wang et al., 2020 |
23 |
23 |
polysaccharide CM1 |
B2 |
Integrated bioinformatics analysis
revealed that CM1 interacted with multiple signaling pathways, including
those involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response,
oxidoreductase activity and fluid shear stress, to exert its
anti-atherosclerotic effect |
|
Lin et al., 2021 |
24 |
24 |
Crocin |
A,B1 |
|
promoting M2 macrophage polarization and
maybe by inhibiting NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation |
Li et al.,
2018 |
25 |
25 |
Dendrobium huoshanense C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng
polysaccharide |
A,B (Zebrafish) |
improved HCD-induced lipid
deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, mainly showing
that DHP significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,
decreased plaque formation, and decreased neutrophil recruitment and the
levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde
(MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
|
Fan et al.,
2020 |
26 |
26 |
Gastrodin |
B2 |
|
attenuate the lipid deposition and foam
cells on the inner membrane |
Liu et al., 2021 |
27 |
27 |
Poria cocos polysaccharides |
A,B2 |
|
reducing inflammatory
factors and blood lipid levels |
Li et al., 2021 |
28 |
28 |
cordycepin |
A |
|
PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway |
Ku et
al., 2021 |
29 |
29 |
Polydatin |
A,B2 |
|
down-regulation of PBEF and inhibition of
PBEF-inducing cholesterol deposits in macrophages |
Huang et al.,
2018 |
30 |
30 |
Pseudoprotodioscin |
A,B2 |
|
regulated adhesion molecule
expression in HUVECs through an ERα/NO/NF-κB signaling pathway,exert
anti-inflammatory properties through an ERα independent pathway |
Sun et
al., 2020 |
31 |
31 |
5,2’-dibromo-2,4’,5’-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone |
A |
activates HMBOX1, which is an inducible protective mechanism that
inhibits LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production |
activates HMBOX1,
which is an inducible protective mechanism that inhibits LPS-induced
inflammation and ROS production |
Yuan et al., 2019 |
32 |
32 |
Benzoinum |
A |
|
regulation of the NF-κB and caspase-9
signaling pathways |
Zhang et al., 2019 |
33 |
33 |
Bergaptol |
A |
|
inhibitory effects on c-Jun N-terminal
kinase (JNK), P38, P65, IκBα and IκKα/β phosphorylation, and NF-κB
nuclear translocation. |
Shen et al., 2020 |
34 |
34 |
Cinnamaldehyde |
B2 |
|
the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. |
Li
et al., 2019 |
35 |
35 |
Curcumin |
A |
AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway |
|
Zhao et al.,
2021 |
36 |
36 |
Curcumin |
A |
|
interfering with the reactive oxygen
species-ERK1/2 signal pathway. |
Zhang et al., 2020 |
37 |
37 |
Curcumin |
B2 |
|
related to LCN2 down-regulation,
anti-hyperlipidemia effect as well as the inhibition of inflammation |
Wan et al., 2016 |
38 |
38 |
curcumin, Nicotinic-curcumin |
A |
|
reduced endothelial EVs
secretion |
Xiang et al., 2021 |
39 |
39 |
Epigallocatechin gallate |
A |
enhancing SIRT1/AMPK as well as
Akt/eNOS signaling pathways |
|
Pai et al., 2021 |
40 |
40 |
Honokiol |
B2 |
decreased reactive oxygen species level and
enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. Nitric oxide level, inducible
nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and aberrant activation of
nuclear factor-κB pathway |
downregulated the expression of
pro-inflammatory markers, like tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin
(IL)-6, and IL-1β |
Liu et al., 2020 |
40 |
40 |
Honokiol |
B2 |
decreased reactive oxygen species level and
enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. Nitric oxide level, inducible
nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and aberrant activation of
nuclear factor-κB pathway |
downregulated the expression of
pro-inflammatory markers, like tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin
(IL)-6, and IL-1β |
Liu et al., 2020 |
41 |
41 |
Dihydrotanshinone I |
A,B2 |
|
suppressing RIP3-mediated
necroptosis of macrophage |
Zhao et al., 2021 |
42 |
42 |
Dihydrotanshinone I |
A,B2 |
inhibition of LOX-1 mediated by
NOX4/NF-κB signaling pathways |
|
Zhao et al., 2016 |
43 |
43 |
Shikonin |
A,B1 |
|
inhibition of SKN on CD4+ T cell
inflammatory activation |
Lü et al., 2020 |
44 |
44 |
Tanshinone II A |
B2 |
|
interfering with RAGE and NF‑κB
activation, and downregulation of downstream inflammatory factors,
including ICAM‑1, VCAM‑1, and MMP‑2, ‑3 and ‑9 |
Zhao et al.,
2016 |
45 |
45 |
Tanshinone IIA |
A |
TSA represses ferroptosis via activation
of NRF2 in HCAECs. |
|
He et al., 2021 |
46 |
46 |
Tanshinone IIA |
A |
|
mediating miR-130b and WNT5A |
Yuan et
al., 2020 |
47 |
47 |
Tanshinone IIA |
A,B2 |
|
activate KLF4 and enhance autophagy
as well as M2 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting miR-375 to
Attenuate Atherosclerosis |
Chen et al., 2019 |
48 |
48 |
Tanshinone IIA Sodium sulfonate |
A,B2 |
The anti-oxidant, and
anti-inflammation properties of STS in preventing AS is mediated by its
inhibition of CLIC1 expression and membrane translocation. |
|
Zhu et
al., 2017 |
Notes:
In Level, A represents in vitro; B represents in vivo; B1 represents
rats; B2 represents mice; B3 represents rabbit; C represents network
pharmacology.
2. NO.1-10:Alkaloids; NO.11-20: Flavonoids; NO.21-30: Glycosides;
31-40: Phenylpropanoids; 41-48: quinones.
|
Notes:
In Level, A represents in vitro; B represents in vivo; B1 represents
rats; B2 represents mice; B3 represents rabbit; C represents network
pharmacology.
2. NO.1-10:Alkaloids; NO.11-20: Flavonoids; NO.21-30: Glycosides;
31-40: Phenylpropanoids; 41-48: quinones.
|
Notes:
In Level, A represents in vitro; B represents in vivo; B1 represents
rats; B2 represents mice; B3 represents rabbit; C represents network
pharmacology.
2. NO.1-10:Alkaloids; NO.11-20: Flavonoids; NO.21-30: Glycosides;
31-40: Phenylpropanoids; 41-48: quinones.
|
Notes:
In Level, A represents in vitro; B represents in vivo; B1 represents
rats; B2 represents mice; B3 represents rabbit; C represents network
pharmacology.
2. NO.1-10:Alkaloids; NO.11-20: Flavonoids; NO.21-30: Glycosides;
31-40: Phenylpropanoids; 41-48: quinones.
|
Notes:
In Level, A represents in vitro; B represents in vivo; B1 represents
rats; B2 represents mice; B3 represents rabbit; C represents network
pharmacology.
2. NO.1-10:Alkaloids; NO.11-20: Flavonoids; NO.21-30: Glycosides;
31-40: Phenylpropanoids; 41-48: quinones.
|
Notes:
In Level, A represents in vitro; B represents in vivo; B1 represents
rats; B2 represents mice; B3 represents rabbit; C represents network
pharmacology.
2. NO.1-10:Alkaloids; NO.11-20: Flavonoids; NO.21-30: Glycosides;
31-40: Phenylpropanoids; 41-48: quinones.
|
Notes:
In Level, A represents in vitro; B represents in vivo; B1 represents
rats; B2 represents mice; B3 represents rabbit; C represents network
pharmacology.
2. NO.1-10:Alkaloids; NO.11-20: Flavonoids; NO.21-30: Glycosides;
31-40: Phenylpropanoids; 41-48: quinones.
|