Conclusion
Land cover variables were stronger predictors of mesocarnivore activity than large carnivores in Norway. This might be caused by a combination of low density of large carnivores in an unproductive ecosystem with strong seasonality. Positive intraguild interactions were predominant in our system, which might indicate a tendency of multiple species to use the same areas and resources (probably facilitated by mechanisms of niche separation such as temporal partitioning and relatively low degrees of interference). Alternatively, these positive interactions might indicate some kind of facilitative relationship between species. Further studies with a more experimental aproach and finer scales might help determine the mechanisms behind these positive relationships.
Human disturbance had contrasting effects on different species, benefiting the dominant mesocarnivores probably through food subsidization, but negatively affecting large carnivores and smaller mesocarnivores. Given that ecological interactions are now happening in a human-dominated world, there is a clear need to include anthropogenic influences when studying species interactions.