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\begin{document}

\title{Fully resolved high-precision measurement of 36 S for sulfur reference
materials}



\author[1]{Jiayang Sun}%
\author[1]{James Farquhar}%
\affil[1]{University of Maryland at College Park Department of Geology}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Advances in sulfur isotope measurement techniques have led to increased
analytical precision. However, accurate measurement of
\textsuperscript{36}S remains a challenge, hindering research such as
that focused on microbial metabolic processes. This difficulty arises
partly from isobaric interferences of \textsuperscript{36}SF
\textsubscript{5} \textsuperscript{+} at m/z = 131 amu, namely
\textsuperscript{186}WF \textsubscript{4} \textsuperscript{2+} and
\textsuperscript{12}C \textsubscript{3}F \textsubscript{5}
\textsuperscript{+} which lead to scale compression. Our study develops
an interference-free four-sulfur isotope measurement method using the
high-resolution mass spectrometer Panorama. Panorama's peak scan showed
that the relative intensity of \textsuperscript{186}WF \textsubscript{4}
\textsuperscript{2+} was initially 9.4\% of \textsuperscript{36}SF
\textsubscript{5} \textsuperscript{+} but was reduced to 1.5\% through
tuning, while the \textsuperscript{12}C \textsubscript{3}F
\textsubscript{5} \textsuperscript{+} relative intensity dropped from
74\% to 40\% after flushing with air and continued to decrease over
time. Theoretically, an unresolved isobaric interference with 2\%
relative intensity could cause a 1%0 underestimation in a sample with a
real \selectlanguage{greek}δ \selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{36}S value of +60%0. We analyzed three IAEA
sulfur isotope standards. Recommended \textsuperscript{36}S values we
obtained relative to IAEA-S-1 are \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{36}S
\textsubscript{IAEA-S-2} = 1.238 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.040\selectlanguage{english}%0, and \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{36}S
\textsubscript{IAEA-S-3} = -0.882 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.030\selectlanguage{english}%0. For cases where the
interferences cannot be removed, we offer a calibration method to
correct for the scale compression effect. This involves bracketing two
or more IAEA standards in the sample measurement sequence and then
extending the measured IAEA \selectlanguage{greek}δ \selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{36}S values by a
calibration factor to match the values reported in this study. Applying
this calibration factor to the samples effectively corrects the scale
compression effect.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Sulfur Panorama v10 main document.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/695922/articles/684410-fully-resolved-high-precision-measurement-of-36-s-for-sulfur-reference-materials}

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