Gene expression changes
Gene expression of proteolytic enzymes, ECM components, and inflammatory
proteins in normal cartilage explants/chondrocytes were also
investigated after MPA/MPS, TA, and DEX treatments. MPA, DEX, and TA
significantly collagen II expression in two studies (Fubini et al.,
2001; Richardson & Dodge, 2003), while ACAN, biglycan, and decorin
expression did not change after DEX or TA treatments (Richardson &
Dodge, 2003; Palma et al., 2019b). For proteolytic enzymes, TA caused no
significant changes in the study of Palma et al. (2019b), while
Busschers, Holt & Richardson (2010), and Richardson & Dodge (2003)
found significant decreases in MMP expression.
No significant changes were found for the expression or activity of
inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2 expression, or
PGE2 concentrations in media after DEX treatments or
oxidative profile and cell viability after TA treatments (Tung, Venta &
Caron, 2002; Tung et al., 2002; Palma et al., 2019a).