Human studies
In human studies, TA showed improvements regarding SF concentration of
OA biomarkers, with an elevated risk of worsening radiographic changes
following injection (Lattermann et al., 2017; Okike et al., 2021).
Despite being a feature associated with TH, which showed worsening
radiographic scores in 41% of patients included in Nunes-Tamashiro et
al. (2022), these numbers were significantly higher in the control group
(76%). No significant changes were found in ultrasonography regarding
synovial hypertrophy after TH injection (Mendes et al., 2019).
MPA, assessed only by one paper, improved SM immunohistochemistry;
however, no other disease-modifying osteoarthritis (DMOA) measures were
evaluated (Young et al., 2001).
One study did not specify corticosteroid type but reported no
significant changes regarding the risk of total knee arthroplasty or
radiographic worsening after IA injection at the five-year follow-up
(Latourte et al., 2022).