In vivo studies
In in vivo studies, seven authors investigated the effects of corticosteroids in normal joints alone (Saari et al., 1992; Murray et al., 1998; Hills, Ethell & Hodgson, 1998; Robion et al., 2001; Céleste et al., 2005; Knych et al., 2017; Knych et al., 2018), while three other included normal joints injected with corticosteroids as one of the groups (Frisbie et al., 1997; Frisbie et al., 1998; Todhunter et al., 1998). These studies considered only results of comparing negative control (normal joints + saline) from corticosteroid groups (injected in normal joints). MPA (60–100 mg or 0.1 mg/kg) was the most investigated corticosteroid (six studies), followed by TA (9–12 mg) (three studies) and IPA (8 mg) (one study), and follow-up time ranged from 36 hours to 91 days.