Conclusion and research needs.
Enormous milestone researches have been achieved; in progress to
understand the various mechanism and ASFV virus-encoded protein uses to
interact, modulate and evade host immune responses to infection which
are prerequisites strategies and knowledge needed for vaccine
development. However, an effective vaccine will probably not be
available in the short term but with classical control measures like
early detection, biosecurity measures, culling of infected farms,
epidemiology tracing, among few classical strategies to employ in the
fight against ASFV.
Despite numerous researches, virus entry machinery and host cell
receptors are still unknown. More research should focus on entry
mechanisms and identification of ASFV host cell receptors, innate immune
responses, and the virus’s interaction with the host on a cellular
level. Complete knowledge of this will be a possible advantage for
vaccine development and exact pathogenesis. The host pattern recognition
receptors involve the sense entrance of viral infection, but the IFN
inhibitory proteins’ mechanism is unknown.
ASFV genome contains many multigene families (MGFs), which encase many
genes, e.g., MGF 360, MGF 505/530. The roles of individual genes and
their mechanism of action are not clear.
The effect of the ASFV genes deleted should be studied intensively; they
are also potential vaccine candidates.
Warthog are carriers of ASFV but interesting immune to it, shows no
clinical symptom, further researches should be encouraged on warthog
genomes, more study on its variation may expose the basis for their
resistance to ASFV.