Outcome Measures and Evaluation
A total of 11 unique outcome measures were used, with the most commonly used measures being the penetration aspiration scale (PAS, n=3), functional dysphagia scale (FDS, n=2), level of oral intake (ASHA National Outcome Measurement System (NOMS), n=2), and functional oral intake scale (FOIS, n=2). Outcome measures in the included studies crossed several domains and evaluated various outcomes including swallowing function, nutritional status, and aspiration.