Outcome Measures and Evaluation
A total of 11 unique outcome measures were used, with the most commonly
used measures being the penetration aspiration scale (PAS, n=3),
functional dysphagia scale (FDS,
n=2), level of oral intake (ASHA National Outcome Measurement System
(NOMS), n=2), and functional oral intake scale (FOIS, n=2). Outcome
measures in the included studies crossed several domains and evaluated
various outcomes including swallowing function, nutritional status, and
aspiration.