DVR
DVR is one the most eminent parts in telencephalon of. It is located in lateral part of pallium and is divided into anterior and posterior parts in reptiles and nidopallium, mesopallium, and arcopallium parts in birds. (Reiner, Perkel et al. 2004, Nomura, Kawaguchi et al. 2013)
According to Northcutt and Marin (Northcutt and Kicliter 1980, Marı́n, Smeets et al. 1998) the origin of ADVR is from the dorsal part of ventral pallium in amphibians which possesses thalamic inputs . It is also argued that most of reptiles’ DVR (Fernandez, Pieau et al. 1998) is derived from ventral pallium and the other parts of it plus olfactory structure are derived from the lateral pallium . However, some genetic analyses evidence that DVR almost certainly is derived from lateral hemisphere (Aboitiz and Montiel 2007).
There are many hypotheses about homologous structures of DVR and it is a controversial issue in comparative neurobiology. Some researches (Karten 1969, Butler 1994, Dugas-Ford, Rowell et al. 2012) suggest that DVR is homologous to a part of mammalian neocortex based on similar sensory projections in both of them (for example, visual projections) and dorsal cortex is homologous to the other parts of neocortex. Some other studies and genetic analyses suggest that the whole parts of neocortex in mammals are derived from dorsal pallium and since DVR has a lateroventral origin then these two structures cannot be homologous(Aboitiz 2010, Medina, Abellán et al. 2013, Northcutt 2013) ; it is possible that DVR is homologous to claustro_amygdala area because of their same origin (Holmgren 1922, Aboitiz 1992, Bruce and Neary 1995, Striedter 1997, Fernandez, Pieau et al. 1998, Puelles 2001).
The anterior part of DVR is the target of thalamic projections in most ascending pathway and it receives multiple sensory information like visual and auditory information. This pathway is known as collothalamic pathway, and is developed in reptiles and avians (Nieuwenhuys, Ten Donkelaar et al. 1998, Puelles 2001, Karten 2015). On the other hand, the posterior part of DVR receives projections from all regions of ADVR indirectly. (Nieuwenhuys 1998, Nieuwenhuys, Ten Donkelaar et al. 1998, Puelles 2001, Karten 2015)
It is clear that the expansion and cellular complexity in DVR in most reptiles is correlated with complex levels of cognition.(Northcutt 2013). PDVR of reptiles plays a role in emotional behavior. (Tarr 1977, Distel 1978, Sugerman and Demski 1978, Laberge, Mühlenbrock-Lenter et al. 2006)