DVR
DVR is one the most eminent parts in telencephalon of. It is located in
lateral part of pallium and is divided into anterior and posterior parts
in reptiles and nidopallium, mesopallium, and arcopallium parts in
birds. (Reiner, Perkel et al. 2004, Nomura, Kawaguchi et al. 2013)
According to Northcutt and Marin (Northcutt and Kicliter 1980, Marı́n,
Smeets et al. 1998) the origin of ADVR is from the dorsal part of
ventral pallium in amphibians which possesses thalamic inputs . It is
also argued that most of reptiles’ DVR (Fernandez, Pieau et al. 1998) is
derived from ventral pallium and the other parts of it plus olfactory
structure are derived from the lateral pallium . However, some genetic
analyses evidence that DVR almost certainly is derived from lateral
hemisphere (Aboitiz and Montiel 2007).
There are many hypotheses about homologous structures of DVR and it is a
controversial issue in comparative neurobiology. Some researches (Karten
1969, Butler 1994, Dugas-Ford, Rowell et al. 2012) suggest that DVR is
homologous to a part of mammalian neocortex based on similar sensory
projections in both of them (for example, visual projections) and dorsal
cortex is homologous to the other parts of neocortex. Some other studies
and genetic analyses suggest that the whole parts of neocortex in
mammals are derived from dorsal pallium and since DVR has a
lateroventral origin then these two structures cannot be
homologous(Aboitiz 2010, Medina, Abellán et al. 2013, Northcutt 2013) ;
it is possible that DVR is homologous to claustro_amygdala area because
of their same origin (Holmgren 1922, Aboitiz 1992, Bruce and Neary 1995,
Striedter 1997, Fernandez, Pieau et al. 1998, Puelles 2001).
The anterior part of DVR is the target of thalamic projections in most
ascending pathway and it receives multiple sensory information like
visual and auditory information. This pathway is known as collothalamic
pathway, and is developed in reptiles and avians (Nieuwenhuys, Ten
Donkelaar et al. 1998, Puelles 2001, Karten 2015). On the other hand,
the posterior part of DVR receives projections from all regions of ADVR
indirectly. (Nieuwenhuys 1998, Nieuwenhuys, Ten Donkelaar et al. 1998,
Puelles 2001, Karten 2015)
It is clear that the expansion and cellular complexity in DVR in most
reptiles is correlated with complex levels of cognition.(Northcutt
2013). PDVR of reptiles plays a role in emotional behavior. (Tarr 1977,
Distel 1978, Sugerman and Demski 1978, Laberge, Mühlenbrock-Lenter et
al. 2006)