NP Matrix/Drug association Model Wound type Result Ref
ZnO NPs Alginate/acacia Rabbits Full-thickness excised skin wound Possesses good biocompatibility properties; increased deposition of collagen and calcium, more fibroblasts and few inflammatory cells; accelerated wound healing (Manuja et al., 2020)
Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers Alfalfa Human dermal fibroblast and keratinocytes in vitro; humansand mice Ex vivo human skin wound model; mouse excisional wound splinting model Promoted in vitro cellular growth of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts; promoted wound closure, re-epithelialization, and granulation tissue formation in mice and human models (Ahn et al., 2019)
SiNPs
Curcumin
S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in vitro
Scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells Enhanced antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of curcumin SiNPs as a photosensitizer in antimicrobial PDT; showed a narrower denuded region of wounds in a scratch assay
(Mirzahosseinipour et al., 2020)
SiNPs PRP and human blood plasma SiNPs shortened coagulation time in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT)tests, increased the activation of factor X induced by Russell’s viper venom, inhibited the aggregation of PRP induced by ADP (Gryshchuk et al., 2016)
Nanobioglass
Chitosan hydrogel
Rats
Liver injury with biopsy punch; femoral artery injury punctured by needle
Formed stable blood clots in vivo; reduced blood clotting time when added to human whole blood in vitro
(Sundaram et al., 2019)
AgNPs Curcuma S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans Scratch assay on fibroblast cells (L929) Exhibited remarkable decrease in the growth of microorganisms; promoted the cell proliferation and migration in the fibroblast cells (Maghimaa et al., 2020)
AgNP hydrogels
Sodium alginate and gelatin
Rats; P. aeruginosa, andS. aureus in vitro
Biopsy punch
Showed significant bactericidal activity in vitro; promoted vascular granulation tissue without cellular fibrous scars and reduced wound size in vivo
(Diniz et al., 2020)
GO scaffold Fe3O4NPs; polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate copolymer Mouse fibroblast cells in vitro;E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and B. subtilis Scratch assay on fibroblast cells Exhibit efficiency against gram-negative bacteria strains; significant cell adhesion, proliferation and accelerated wound contraction (Pramanik et al., 2019)
TiO2 nanotubes IL-4 RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells IL-4 was slowly released during the early stage allowing M1 activation, promoted polarization from M1 to M2 macrophages after 72 h (Li et al., 2018)
α-Gal–containing micelle NPs
Mice
Splinted excisional wound model
Enhanced polarization of macrophages toward the M2 healing phenotype, enhanced granulation tissue deposition, vascular growth and keratinization
(Kaymakcalan et al., 2018)
Nanofibrous membrane Nanobioglass incorporated chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Mice fibroblast cells; rat traumatic model and mice diabetic model Full-thickness wounds Upregulated growth factors including VEGF and TGF-β, downregulated inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β; accelerated healing in terms of complete re-epithelialization, improved collagen alignment and formation of skin appendages (Chen et al., 2019)
AgNPs HDFs; human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) Scratch assay on HDFs and HEKs Downregulated inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-12) and MMP3 (Frankova et al., 2016)
AuNPs Keratinocyte growth factor HDFs and HEKs; rat wounds A full-thickness dorsal excisional wound Promoted the proliferation of keratinocytes and wound closure (Pan et al., 2018)
AuNPs Gallic acid, isoflavone and protocatechuic acid isoflavone Rats Surgical wound Suppressed MMP-1 and promoted VEGF, angiopoietin-2 and collagen, increased dermal and epidermal thickness (Lee et al., 2015)
CONPs Rabbits Rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model after full-thickness excisional wound Improved the collagen arrangement; reduced scar by inhibiting hypertrophic scar fibroblasts proliferation and inducing apoptosis (Xiao et al., 2019)