Results
A total of 691 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections randomized to either standard of care or standard of care plus oseltamivir with complete data for the variables under consideration were included in the study. In bivariable analyses (data not shown), two variables (Age category ≥75 years and Wednesday admission to the hospital) were significantly different across treatment status levels based on p-values, though q-values for all variables were 1, indicating statistically significant p-values were likely due to false discovery as opposed to true differences. Figure 1 depicts the conditional average treatment effect estimates for each variable under study for those treated with oseltamivir versus those who were not treated. For the primary outcome of clinical failure, patients who were documented influenza positive were the only subgroup identified with significant oseltamivir impact. The results identified a 26% lower occurrence of clinical failure for patients with influenza treated with oseltamivir versus those not treated with oseltamivir (95% CI 3.2% - 48.0%).