Results
A total of 691 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract
infections randomized to either standard of care or standard of care
plus oseltamivir with complete data for the variables under
consideration were included in the study. In bivariable analyses (data
not shown), two variables (Age category ≥75 years and Wednesday
admission to the hospital) were significantly different across treatment
status levels based on p-values, though q-values for all variables were
1, indicating statistically significant p-values were likely due to
false discovery as opposed to true differences. Figure 1 depicts the
conditional average treatment effect estimates for each variable under
study for those treated with oseltamivir versus those who were not
treated. For the primary outcome of clinical failure, patients who were
documented influenza positive were the only subgroup identified with
significant oseltamivir impact. The results identified a 26% lower
occurrence of clinical failure for patients with influenza treated with
oseltamivir versus those not treated with oseltamivir (95% CI 3.2% -
48.0%).