Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; WMD: weighted mean difference

Figure 1. Flow diagram of study selection.

Figure 2. Risk of bias summary.

Figure 3. Forest plot of general meta-analysis of ICP reduction from pretreatment to first reported records after treatment, comparing mannitol and HTS.

Figure 4. Forest plot of reduction of ICP at different time points, comparing mannitol and HTS.

Figure 5. Forest plot of eligible secondary outcomes (CPP, MAP, Serum Sodium, Serum Osmolarity, HCT, HR), comparing mannitol and HTS.

Figure 6. Assessment of publication bias by a contour-enhance funnel plot.

Supplementary material 1. Data of contour-enhance funnel plot

Supplementary material 2. Egger’s test

Supplementary material 3. AMSTAR 2 of previous systematic reviews

Y: yes; N: no; PY: Partial Yes.

Red-labled means critical domains of AMSTAR 2.