Age, y |
35.65 (4.96) |
34.27 (4.87) |
1.00a
|
48 |
.32 |
0.29b
|
Smoker, % |
8.0 |
12.0 |
0.22c
|
1 |
.64 |
0.07d
|
Maternal pre-pregnancy weight, g |
57.00 (15.25)e
|
66.00 (26.55)e
|
203.00f
|
- |
.03* |
-0.30g
|
Maternal length, cm |
162.20 (6.25) |
163.52 (6.53) |
-0.73 |
48 |
.47 |
-0.21 |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2
|
23.24
(7.44)e
|
25.1 (8.26)e
|
207.00f
|
- |
.04* |
-0.29g
|
Obesity (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30), % |
4.0 |
24.0 |
4.15c
|
1 |
.04* |
0.29
d
|
Gestational weight gain (GWG)h, kg |
11.17 (3.48) |
10.34 (4.24) |
0.56a
|
27 |
0.58 |
0.21b
|
Primiparity, % |
40.0 |
44.0 |
0.08c
|
1 |
.77 |
0.04d
|
White ethnicity, % |
84.0 |
64.0 |
2.60c
|
1 |
.11 |
0.23d
|
Maternal educationi,j, % |
8.0 |
27.8 |
3.00c
|
1 |
.08 |
0.26d
|