Conclusion
In current times, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of various cancers has increased rapidly. Thus, it has become essential to understand various irAEs associated with their use and monitoring of these irAEs in patients undergoing immunotherapy. There is an extensive range of cutaneous adverse reactions observed with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors and they account for the most significant share of immune-related adverse events that range from mild to life-threatening complications such as stevens-johnson syndrome/ toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The time of occurrence of these reactions usually varies from days to several months. The most common cutaneous adverse reactions observed are lichenoid reactions, granulomatous skin reactions, pruritus, pigmentary disorders such as vitiligo. The blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of numerous autoimmune skin diseases like bullous pemphigoid, psoriasis, vasculitis, and dermatomyositis. The management of skin toxicity from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment involves topical and systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, antihistamines, UVB-NB therapy. Furthermore, adequate management of the cutaneous adverse events and recognition in early stages could lead to the prevention of worsening of the lesions, reduction in morbidity and thus, enhances the chances of continuing PD-1/PD-L1 therapies without limiting the treatment.
Acknowledgment: Authors like to acknowledge support from the University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.