Study and participants
UK Biobank is a well-characterized prospective cohort study
of
500,000 individuals aged 40–69 years who were recruited from 21
assessment centers across U.K.. In 2006-2010, eligible participants were
invited to visit the closest assessment center to complete the baseline
assessment, including a touchscreen questionnaire, physical measures and
biological samples collection.
Further details about the UK Biobank cohort have been published
elsewhere.22The UK Biobank study have been approved by
the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee, the England and
Wales Patient Information Advisory Group, and the Scottish Community
Health Index Advisory Group. All participants provided written informed
consent prior to data collection. In the present study, we excluded
participants who subsequently withdrew from the study (n=1298), those
with cancers diagnosis (n=26 820) and renal failure diagnosis (n=2036)
prior to baseline, leaving a total of 472,373 participants included in
final analysis.