2.9 Numerical Modeling
We used COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 to simulate electric field gradient and determined the DEP regions in the microfluidic chip where U87 glioma cells were introduced. Figure 3 illustrates the simulated microelectrode array using the Electric Current and Creeping Flow modules to determine the distribution of the electric field gradient (\(\nabla E^{2})\). We applied 3 Vpp electric potential (-1.5 Vpp and +1.5 Vpp) to the gold electrodes as indicated in Figure 3 . We chose both the Stationery and Frequency Domain Study solvers. We used the dynamic viscosity (8.94E-4 Pa.s), density (1000 kg/m3), permittivity (\(\varepsilon_{0},\ 80\)), and conductivity (\(\sigma\), 20 µS/cm) values of the DEP buffer properties in the model.