AG: alfalfa artificial grassland. WM: wheat-maize rotation field. PC: native grassland. The particle size ranges of sand, silt, and clay are 2-0.02 mm, 0.02-0.002 mm, and < 0.002 mm, respectively. pH: hydrogen ion concentration. EC: soil electrical conductivity. SOC: soil organic carbon. TN: total nitrogen. AP: available phosphorus.

Table 3 Effects of different land use patterns on soil physical properties