Patient characteristics and clinical predictors
Demographic characteristics of the case study group consisted of gender, age, smoking status, Tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging, pack-years, and various other clinical factors that are illustrated in Table 1. At the time of diagnosis, the lung cancer patients had an average age of 60.10 years (range 29–86). Among 610 patients, 496 (81.3%) males and 114 (18.6%) females were present in the case group. Smokers accounted for 79.6% of the group, more significant than non-smokers (20.3%). Smokers had an average pack-year of25.58±31.88. TNM staging was used to classify the patients: 0.81% had stage I lung cancer, 3.11% had stage II lung cancer, 27.5% had stage III lung cancer, and 63.1% had stage IV lung carcinoma.The lung cancer patients T3 and T4 exhibited high frequencies of 20% and 56.8%, whereas subjects with T1 and T2 tumor size constituted 5.90% and 8.8%, respectively. TNM data revealed that 44.5% of patients had no metastatic involvement (M0), while 50.6% had distant metastases (M1).Regarding lymph node invasion, 12.9% of lung carcinomasubjects had no lymph node involvement, while N1, N2, N3, and N4 lymph node invasion accounted for 8.3, 41.8, 31.9, and 0.16% of all cases, respectively. Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) patients made up 40.8% of lung cancer diagnoses, adenocarcinoma (ADCC) patients made up 40.66%, and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients made up 17.3%. Karnofsky’s performance status (KPS) and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), which indicated the participants’ performance status, were used to classify the cases. There were 168 individuals (27.5%) with KPS scores of 100-90, 314 (51.4%) with KPS scores of 80-70, and 106 people (17.3%) with KPS scores of less than 60 in our study. As per the ECOG score, 43.7% (267) of the people had ECOG scores ranging from 0 to 1, 38.1% (233) had ECOG 2, and 14.5% (89%) of the people had ECOG scores of 3-4. A total of 419 patients received cisplatin/carboplatin-based therapy, with 130 patients receiving pemetrexed, 71 patients receiving irinotecan, 87 patients receiving paclitaxel, 70 patients receiving docetaxel, 29 patients receiving gemcitabine, 15 patients receiving gefitinib, 17 patients receiving etoposide, and 21 patients receiving other regimens.